The R ∼300–1000 grating spectra from XMM-Newton and Chandra are a radical advance, allowing spectroscopic physics techniques to be applied to X-ray astronomy, revolutionizing a wide range of research. Ten years on these spectra will be routine, and higher resolution will be needed. I propose " Thermal Limit Spectroscopy " as the next natural goal for X-ray spectroscopy. This will open up new ph...

We demonstrate that the time-dependent projected Gross-Pitaevskii equation ~GPE! derived earlier @M. J. Davis, R. J. Ballagh, and K. Burnett, J. Phys. B 34, 4487 ~2001!# can represent the highly occupied modes of a homogeneous, partially-condensed Bose gas. Contrary to the often held belief that the GPE is valid only at zero temperature, we find that this equation will evolve randomized initial...

The maximal value of thermal conductivity κmax of the perfect wurzite GaN crystal containing isotopes of natural abundance is estimated. Our upper limit of κ = 4800 W/Km at Tmax = 32 K is smaller than calculated by Liu and Balandin κ = 6000 W/Km and higher than obtained by Slack et al κ = 3750W/Km. The phenomenological dependence κ ∝ T obtained by Mion et al for the temperature interval 300− 45...

[if gte mso 9]> In the present work, the thermal conductivity coefficients of nanoparticle-oil suspensions for two types of carbon nanotubes, single-walled (SWNTs) and multi-walled (MWNTs) carbon nanotubes at 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 wt.% were measured by a modified transient hot wire method (KD2-pro thermal property meter). Results showed that the thermal conductivity of suspension containing single-...

We derive a general expression of the quantum Fisher information for a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, with the port inputs of an arbitrary pure state and a squeezed thermal state. We find that the standard quantum limit can be beaten, when even or odd states are applied to the pure-state port. In particular, when the squeezed thermal state becomes a thermal state, all the even or odd states have ...

Heat transfer fluids have inherently low thermal conductivity that greatly limits the heat exchange efficiency. While the effectiveness of extending surfaces and redesigning heat exchange equipments to increase the heat transfer rate has reached a limit, many research activities have been carried out attempting to improve the thermal transport properties of the fluids by adding more thermally c...

The major problem of multiparameter quantum estimation theory is to find an ultimate measurement scheme go beyond the standard limits that each quasi-classical limited by. Although, in some specifics protocols without environmental noise, sensitivity a can beat limit. However, presence noise imposes limitations on enhancement precision due inevitable existence fluctuations. Here, we address mot...

Thermal effects in the broken phase of the electroweak theory are studied in the strongly interacting Higgs boson limit. In that limit and at tree level the bosonic sector of the theory is a gauged non-linear sigma model. The associated one-loop thermal effective action for soft fields is then computed by using the background field method together with the Stueckelberg formalism. This effective...

The atmospheres of terrestrial planets are expected to be in long-term radiation balance: an increase in the absorption of solar radiation warms the surface and troposphere, which leads to a matching increase in the emission of thermal radiation. Warming a wet planet such as Earth would make the atmosphere moist and optically thick such that only thermal radiation emitted from the upper troposp...