During the past 6 years, experiments have been reported from this laboratory on swine in which deficiencies in vitamins of the B complex have been produced. Of particular interest have been the studies on the relationship of vitamin deficiency to the integrity of nervous tissues. I t was first shown that degeneration of the peripheral nerves, dorsal root ganglion cells, and posterior columns of...

BACKGROUND To investigate the dietary adequacy of prisoners of Beon Prison, Madang, Papua New Guinea in response to a report of possible nutritional deficiency. METHODS We undertook an observational, cross-sectional study. All 254 male inmates (May 2010) were eligible to answer a validated interview-based questionnaire; to have a comprehensive dietary assessment; and to provide blood for bioc...

In plants, the hydroxymethylpyrimidine (HMP) and thiazole precursors of thiamin are synthesized and coupled together to form thiamin in plastids. Mutants unable to form HMP can be rescued by exogenous HMP, implying the presence of HMP transporters in the plasma membrane and plastids. Analysis of bacterial genomes revealed a transporter gene that is chromosomally clustered with thiamin biosynthe...

An investigation was carried out to determine whether a Day 28 to 49 dietary vitamin, trace mineral, and vitamin plus trace mineral premix withdrawal would impact Pectoralis major thiamin or riboflavin concentration in chicks reared under thermoneutral (24 C) and heat-stressed (24 to 35 C) conditions. No significant (P > 0.1) environment by nutrient withdrawal interactions were detected. Heat s...

Thiamin is indispensable for the normal function of pancreatic acinar cells. These cells take up thiamin via specific carrier-mediated process that involves thiamin transporter-1 and -2 (THTR-1 and THTR-2; products of SLC19A2 and SLC19A3 genes, respectively). In this study we examined the effect of chronic exposure of pancreatic acinar cells in vitro (pancreatic acinar 266-6 cells) and in vivo ...

The data obtained from the analyses of the samples described above were used to develop response surface equations which would predict the effect of the irradiation dose and temperature on each vitamin over the entire area covered by the design. From the equation for the response surface for thiamin loss the predicted losses in pork chops irradiated at 0 'C and then cooked were as follows: 0 kG...

The thi80 mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Nishimura, H., Kawasaki, Y., Nosaka, K., Kaneko, Y., and Iwashima, A. (1991) J. Bacteriol. 173, 2716-2719) shows markedly reduced activity of thiamin pyrophosphokinase (TPK; EC 2.7.6.2). We have isolated a DNA fragment carrying the THI80 gene from a yeast genomic library by its ability to complement constitutive synthesis of the thiamin-repressible ...

BACKGROUND Thiamine deficiency has been associated with poorer clinical outcomes. Early recognition of thiamine deficiency is difficult in critically ill patients because clinical signs are nonspecific. OBJECTIVE We determined the prevalence of and identified risk factors associated with low blood thiamine concentrations upon admission of children to a pediatric intensive care unit and evalua...

Carbocations have fascinated organic chemists for almost a century, and the properties of this reactive intermediate have been thoroughly studied.1 Carbocations have been proposed as intermediates in several enzyme-catalyzed reactions, such as the prenyl transfer and cyclization reactions involved in terpene biosynthesis,2,3 the pyrrole tetramerization involved in porphyrin biosynthesis,4 the g...