In this work, the Interfacial interfacial polymerization (IP) technique was employed using terephthaloyl chloride (TPC) and p-phenylenediamine (PPD), as reactant monomers, to prepare poly(paraphenylene terephthalamide) thin film composite (TFC) nanofiltration on polyethersulphone (PES) support layer. The effects of six different anionic and non-ionic surfactants, in the aqueous phase on the mor...

This paper studies a solid film lying on a liquid layer, which in turn lies on a solid substrate. It is well known that, subject to a compressive membrane force, the solid film wrinkles, dragging the liquid underneath to flow. When the solid film is very thin, the ratio between the number of atoms at the surface and that in the bulk becomes significant, so that surface stress contributes to the...

Forward osmosis (FO) has gained attention of people in recent decades due to its magnificent properties andless energy requirements. This paper aims discuss various characteristics draw solutes which are differentiated their performance and show exceptional results as osmotic agents FO. Different types membranes being selected for different applications according needs Among them, CTA (Cellulos...

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Abstract Anti-fouling properties and chlorine resistance nature are highly desirable features for membranes used in nanofiltration (NF). Conventional polymeric NF often suffer from fouling issues poor stability under based chemicals. Therefore, this work, a thin film composite (TFC) membrane was modified by coating binding agent polydopamine (PDA) graphene oxide (GO) using simple scalable inkje...

pollution arising from plastic waste materials caused a great worry for researchers who are interested in protection of environment. this problem shifts their subject to bio-polymers for applications in packaging industries. however, their low water barrier properties are a critical problem. the effects of citric acid and methyl cellulose on water vapor and oxygen permeabilities and mechanical ...

copper thin films with nano-scale structure have numerous applications in modern technology.  in this work, cu thin films with different thicknesses from 50–220 nm have been deposited on glass substrate by dc magnetron sputtering technique at room temperature in pure ar gas. the sputtering time was considered in 4, 8, 12 and 16 min, respectively. the thickness effect on the structural, morpholo...

We have built and characterized batch-processed polarization beam splitters (PBS), important optical components to separate the orthogonal TE and TM components of light. The devices were fabricated from thin-film, low-stress silicon nitride membranes and showed excellent performance. By stacking membranes, and a triple-layer PBS produced extinction ratios of 21 and 16dB for reflected and transm...