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Recovery of used products is receiving much attention recently due to growing environmental concerns.In this paper, we address the carbon footprint basedon problem arising in closed-loop supply chain where returned products are collected from customers. These returned products can either be disposed or be remanufactured to be sold as new ones again. Here, we formulate a comprehensive closed-loo...
abstract nowadaysphotovoltaic solar cells (pvs) areacknowledged the fastest growing energy technology in the word, however, they only account for only fraction of current global renewable energy capacity. it isrecognized that this incomplete market penetration has been largely a result of the technology’sexcessive cost. so researchers are trying to find innovative, economic way with theaim of ...
a significant problem in multicarrier communication systems is the necessity to reduce the value of papr (peak-to-average power ratio) of transmitting signal. in this thesis we study the effect of the system parameters such as coding and modulation types on papr and ultimate ber in a mc-cdma system. in this study we consider fading channel as well as the nonlinearity of transmitter’s amplifier ...
This paper deals with a novel method for solving optimal control problems based on genetic programming. This approach produces some trial solutions and seeks the best of them. If the solution cannot be expressed in a closed analytical form then our method produces an approximation with a controlled level of accuracy. Using numerical examples, we will demonstrate how to use the results.
Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), Lygus hesperus (Knight) and Lygus rugulipennis (Poppius) can cause multiple-leaders to form on conifer seedlings. Injury due to Lygus bugs has increased during the last two decades to the point where these bugs are now considered the worst insect pest at many conifer nurseries. At several nurseries, Lygus bugs have injured 30% or more of the seedlings. Su...
As Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) power consumption continues to increase, lower power FPGA circuitry, architectures, and Computer-Aided Design (CAD) tools need to be developed. Before designing low-power FPGA circuitry, architectures, or CAD tools, we must first determine where the biggest savings (in terms of energy dissipation) are to be made and whether these savings are cumulative. I...
sange siyah dam is located two kilometers down the kabod khani village. the environ of ghorrve city in kurdestan province. this is an clay core dam. in this dam instrumentation is performed in three section and consist of electrical piezometers, total pressure cells, settlement cells and so on. the main objective of instrumentation is to control the behavior of dam body and foundation, end else...
since esp received universal attention to smooth the path for academic studies and productions, a great deal of research and studies have been directed towards this area. swales’ (1990) model of ra introduction move analysis has served a pioneering role of guiding many relevant studies and has proven to be productive in terms of helpful guidelines that are the outcome of voluminous productions ...
This paper develops a method for solving the single product multi-period production-planning problem, in which the production and the inventory costs of each period arc concave and backlogging is not permitted. It is also assumed that the unit variable cost of the production evolves according to a continuous time Markov process. We prove that this production-planning problem can be Stated as a ...
the concept of -semihypergroups is a generalization of semigroups, a generalization of semihypergroups and a generalization of -semigroups. in this paper, we study the concept of semiprime ideals in a -semihypergroup and prove some results. also, we introduce the notion of -hypergroups and closed -subhypergroups. finally, we study the concept of -semihypergroups associated to binary...
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