We report the formation of trihalomethanes and other disinfection by-products from four polyfunctional terpenoids during simulated chlorination of natural waters. Complex suites of products were identified by closed loop stripping analysis (CLSA)/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) from halogenation of beta-carotene and retinol. beta-Ionone appeared to be a key intermediate in the halo...

OBJECTIVES To report trihalomethane (THM) and haloacetic acid (HAA) concentrations in drinking water, assess variations in these concentrations depending on source and over time, and estimate individual intake during pregnancy. METHODS Water taken from 33 representative points of the water supply network of the 25 municipalities in the study area was analyzed from 2006-2008. Water drinking ha...

Over 1.1 billion people in the world lack access to improved drinking water. Diarrheal and other waterborne diseases cause an estimated 2.2 million deaths per year. The Safe Water System (SWS) is a proven household water treatment intervention that reduces diarrheal disease incidence in users in developing countries. Because the SWS recommends the addition of sodium hypochlorite to unfiltered w...

Abs t rac t At the heart of many optimizat ion procedures are powerful pruning and propagation rules. This paper presents a case study in the construction of such rules. We develop a new algor i thm, Complete Decreasing Best F i t , that finds the opt imal packing of objects into bins. The algor i thm use a branching rule based on the well known Decreasing Best Fi t approximat ion algor i thm. ...

Accumulating herbage mass to facilitate the extension of grazing season in autumn is commonly practised. The objective current study was investigate effect accumulating varying target masses (THM) and imposing different defoliation dates (DD), on mass, sward quality water-soluble carbohydrates subsequent spring. A 4 × 3 factorial split plot design assigned with four THM (Low ? 500 kg·DM·ha?1, M...

A coupled thermal, hydrologic and mechanical (THM) analysis is conducted to evaluate the impact of coupled THM processes on the performance of a potential nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. The analysis considers changes in rock mass porosity, permeability, and capillary pressure caused by rock deformations during drift excavation, as well as those caused by thermomechanically ...

Let F be a field of characteristic ` > 0 and let G be a finite group. It is well-known that the dimension of the minimal projective cover Φ1 (the so-called 1PIM) of the trivial left F[G]-module is a multiple of the `-part |G|` of the order of G. In this note we study finite groups G satisfying dimF(Φ1 ) = |G|`. In particular, we classify the non-abelian finite simple groups G and primes ` satis...

A new algori thm for computing the free distance of turbo codes is applied to the CCSDS and the UMTS standard codes. Results on the free distance behaviour for increasing interleaver length are also presented.

Based on the deep in situ mining environments with ?three high?, a triaxial compression experiment of water-saturated sandstone under conditions 150?C, 110 MPa confining stress and 105 pore water was carried out. The results show that creep deformation stage produces surge acoustic emission energy when radial changes from expansion to rapid compression, is sheared by single crack it damaged. Fr...