Sympathetic blocks in the cervical and upper thoracic region are commonly used techniques for a variety of diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic purposes. Stellate ganglion block is the common nomenclature utilized, however, stellate ganglion is present in only 80% of the population, thus, either lower cervical sympathetic block or upper thoracic sympathetic block is an appropriate term. The c...

Background Scoliosis is a 3D deformity that can be reconstructed through 2D antero-posterior and lateral radiographs, which provide an upper view of the deformed spine as well as regional planes matching all vertebrae of elective plane for each curve. The objective of this study is to explore whether all idiopathic scoliosis classified Lenke 1A have the same 3D representation made with regional...

OBJECTIVES Spinal manual therapy (SMT) is commonly used for treatment of musculoskeletal pain in the neck, upper back, or upper extremity. Some authors report a multi-system effect of SMT, including peripheral alterations in skin conductance and skin temperature, suggesting that SMT may initiate a sympathetic nervous system (SNS) response. The focus of this evidence-based review and meta-analys...

Spiml cord The spinal cord of the spider monkey has 37 segments consisting of eight cervical, thirteen thoracic, five lumbar, three sacral, and eight tcaudal segments. The number of oervical segments is always eight, but there is a considerable variation in the number of thoracic segments, depending upon the number of rib-bearing or thoracic vertebrae. Of ten specimens examined, six have been f...

Institutional review board approval, with waived consent, was obtained to develop a spine-labeling algorithm with retrospectively obtained deidentified HIPAA-compliant data. An automated magnetic resonance (MR) imaging technique to rapidly survey the entire spine and provide definitive numbering of disks and vertebrae was compared with neuroradiologist assignments in 50 cases. Contiguous two-st...

OBJECTIVES Sheep are frequently used as animal models in experimental spinal injury studies. Therefore, extensive knowledge of ovine spinal dimensions is essential for experimental design and interpretation of results obtained in these trials. This study aimed to obtain quantitative morphometrical data of the thoracolumbar dural sac in sheep and determine the anatomical relationship between the...

Case summary A 12-year-old domestic shorthair cat was presented with acute non-painful hindlimb proprioceptive ataxia localising to T3-L3 spinal cord segments. MRI revealed paravertebral muscular hyperintensity on T2-weighted images at the level of T7-T8 vertebrae. The cat improved on conservative management but deteriorated 3 months later. Repeated MRI showed meningeal enhancement at the same ...

The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of generalised joint hypermobility (GJH) in 155 girls with idiopathic scoliosis (IS) (age 9-18 years, mean 13.8±2.3). The control group included 201 healthy girls. The presence of GJH was assessed with Beighton (B) test. GJH was diagnosed in 23.2% of IS girls and in 13.4% of controls (P=0.02). The prevalence of GJH was significantly (P=0.01) low...