Recently, reinforcement learning has been successfully applied to the logical game of Go, various Atari games, and even a 3D game, Labyrinth, though it continues to have problems in sparse reward settings. It is difficult to explore, but also difficult to exploit, a small number of successes when learning policy. To solve this issue, the subgoal and option framework have been proposed. However,...

Blood revenge is one of the most commonly cited causes of violence and warfare in tribal societies, yet it is largely ignored in recent anthropological theories of primitive warfare. A theory of tribal violence is presented showing how homicide, revenge, kinship obligations, and warfare are linked and why reproductive variables must be included in explanations of tribal violence and warfare. St...

The present study examined coping strategies for cyber victimization among 270 (130 women) emerging adults, and how these strategies related to cyber aggression one year later (Time 2). The most frequently utilized coping strategies among emerging adults were telling one’s friends and ignoring the aggressor. The coping strategies of telling no one, getting revenge against the aggressor, pretend...

In this fake paper we introduce the virtual glasses that allow myopic or hyperopic people to see a sharp image without wearing glasses. Virtual glasses improve existing image preconditioning methods by making use of the recent advances in computer graphic and image processing. Thanks to virtual glasses, myopic people will finally be able to have a sharp vision of the world, while still being go...

If Hamlet had not delayed his revenge there would have been no play. Many explanations of the delay have been offered in the last four centuries. None is convincing. The interpretation which best fits the evidence best is that Hamlet was suffering from an acute depressive illness, with some obsessional features. He could not make a firm resolve to act. In Shakespeare's time there was no concept...

The diagram represents the real numbers (in other words the numbers with decimal expansions), arranged in order from smaller to greater. The more strenuous textbooks add some other numbers to the diagram, for example e a little to the left of 3 and π a little to the right of it. These two numbers are irrational; in other words they can’t be written as m/n where m and n are integers. Probably th...

Is there a notion of contradiction—let us call it, for dramatic effect, “absolute”— making all contradictions, so understood, unacceptable also for dialetheists? It is argued in this paper that there is, and that spelling it out brings some theoretical benefits. First it gives us a foothold on undisputed ground in the methodologically difficult debate on dialetheism. Second, we can use it to ex...