conclusions the benson relaxation could reduce pain intensity in women after cesarean section. results the mean of pain score before intervention at cg was 4.43 cm. it was decreased to 4.40 cm (1 min), 4.27 cm (12 h), 4.10 cm (24 h), 4.00 cm (36 h), 3.93 cm (48 h), 3.83 cm (60 h), 3.67 cm (72 h) and 3.51 cm (84 h). meanwhile, the ig was 4.97 cm. it was decreased to 4.90 cm (1 min), 4.23 cm (12 ...

A model-based least-squares algorithm with a time-varying forgetting factor is developed for leak detection in boiler steam-water systems. The algorithm has been tested using real industrial data from Syncrude Canada, and has proven to be effective in detection of boiler tube or steam leaks; proper implementation of the algorithm would lead to early leak warning, which is important in maintaini...

Demonstration of oxy-coal combustion is being planned for the old Youngdong unit 1 boiler in South Korea. The boiler is to be retrofitted to an opposed-wall-firing type with 100 MWe capacity for demonstration of oxy-fuel combustion while maintaining the original furnace shape of downshot firing. It is to be operated under oxy-coal combustion mode during demonstration periods while continuing co...

This is the most important book on public policy to be published in a long time. Benson takes on the most pervasive government activity, the criminal justice system, and addresses the critical issue of our high crime rate. There are no clear “academic” solutions to this problem, but Benson presents a clear and sensible solution derived from the insights of Austrian economics—the privatization o...

This paper develops a novel data-driven fuzzy modeling strategy and predictive controller for boiler-turbine unit using fuzzy clustering and subspace identification (SID) methods. To deal with the nonlinear behavior of boiler-turbine unit, fuzzy clustering is used to provide an appropriate division of the operation region and develop the structure of the fuzzy model. Then by combining the input...

Lignite from Mae Moh mine is the largest source of solid fuel for electricity generation in Thailand. It is used in pulverized coal-fired boilers of a 2400 MW thermal power plant. Its high CaO content in ash is a major concern that can affect severe slagging. In this paper, potential of slag occurrence in the power plant was investigated by numerical simulation. The FactSage thermochemical pack...

www.worldpumps.com 0262 1762/08 © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved Effective simulations to ensure optimal performance and correctly predict the hydraulic and thermomechanical behaviour of today’s huge boiler feed water pumps are a challenge for engineers and constructors. Generally, boiler feed water pumps are subjected to extreme mechanical and thermal stresses because of their huge siz...

The optimal use of fuel energy and water in a fire tube boiler is important in achieving economical system operation, precise control system design required to achieve high speed of response with no overshot. Two artificial intelligence techniques, fuzzy control (FLC) and geneticfuzzy control (GFLC) applied to control both of the water/steam temperature and water level control loops of boiler. ...

Condensing boilers use waste heat from flue gases to pre-heat cold water entering the boiler. Flue gases are condensed into liquid form, thus recovering their latent heat of vaporization, which results in as much as 10%–12% increase in efficiency. Modeling these heat transfer phenomena is crucial to control this equipment. Despite the many approaches to the condensing boiler modeling, the follo...

many real time processes have complex, uncertain and nonlinear dynamics. boilers are nonlinear, time varying, multi-input multi-output (mimo) systems, whose states generally vary with operating conditions. the major problem in controlling that system is that its drum water pressure and steam flow dynamics include an integrator that results a critically stable behavior. conventional controller p...