background: anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (anti-tpo antibody) is a member of thyroid autoantibodies which are important in inducing and also diagnosing autoimmune thyroid diseases. thyroid autoimmunity can cause several forms of thyroiditis and abnormal thyroid functions, ranging from hypothyroidism to hyperthyroidism. objective: to evaluate the relationship between serum levels of anti-tpo ...

Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is a potentially severe autoimmune disease, in and around the orbit, usually accompanied by Graves' disease. It was the goal of this study to develop a serological indicator for TAO and to characterize its expression in human thyroid and eye muscle tissue. Thus, we have recloned the full-length 1D-complementary DNA and assessed its expression levels in 90...

Thyroid-related eye disease represents a unique clinical spectrum of autoimmune inflammation of the orbital tissues. The exact immunopathogenesis is still not fully elucidated, and the disease can sometimes manifest itself as a chronic and unrelenting condition with complex interplay between environmental, genetic, and immune factors. The inflammatory changes result in alterations to muscle ana...

Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) is probably an autoimmune condition although the pathogenesis is still not fully understood. GO is frequently, though not invariably, associated with Graves' disease and it may in fact be a separate disease entity. Ophthalmopathy is commonest in the 30 to 50 age group",2'3 and is more common in women (2:1, female:male), although the female preponderance is not so mar...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to identify the subgroups of thyroid eye disease (TED) patients most likely to benefit from orbital fat decompression. METHODS This retrospective study reviews 217 orbits of 109 patients who underwent orbital fat decompression for proptosis secondary to thyroid eye disease. Charts were reviewed for demographic, radiographic, clinical, and surgical data. Th...

Introduction Accurate estimation of the absorbed dose in radiosensitive organs, located away from the target volume during radiotherapy, is one of the main reasons for the development of reference phantoms. The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) reference phantoms can provide a more realistic view of the human anatomy in comparison with the previously used mathematical p...

this is a descriptive survey to define the incidence of co-existing disease in patients undergoing eye surgery before   anesthesia in hospitals of the ministry of health and education in 1993.   in this survey 2000 patients ' records have been studied who were admitted 10 the hospitals. collecting of data   was done by checklist that contained questions about the condition of the heart and...

Thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO), a cardinal clinical pointer to diagnose Graves' disease (GD), is seen less frequently in our country than in the West, but can have sight threatening consequences. Smoking, diabetes, male gender, increasing age and radioactive iodine treatment for thyrotoxicosis are known precipitating factors for TAO. We report four cases of thiazolidinediones (TZD) pre...

PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between immunoglobulin G (IgG)4-related disease (IgG4-RD) and thyroid eye disease (TED) with respect to IgG levels. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective review of total IgG, IgG subclass, and thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) levels in 24 patients with TED. RESULTS Five patients (20.8%) demonstrated serum IgG4 levels consistent with IgG4-RD wit...

Both smoking and thyroid dysfunction are frequent in the general population. Many studies have shown that cigarette smoking interferes with thyroid function and with the evolution of thyroid pathology (e.g. goiter formation and thyroid cancer development). Some studies have also suggested a significant correlation of Graves' hyperthyroidism and Graves' ophthalmopathy with the severity of smokin...