BACKGROUND Anatomic dead space (also called airway or tracheal dead space) is the part of the tidal volume that does not participate in gas exchange. Some contemporary ventilation protocols, such as the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network protocol, call for smaller tidal volumes than were traditionally delivered. With smaller tidal volumes, the percentage of each delivered breath that i...

Introduction Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) generally has a poor prognosis. The development and use of a mechanical chest compression device has been suggested as a measure to achieve sufficient and continuous cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The mechanical chest compression device (Autopulse®) consists of a battery-driven board with a band attached that applies a 20% anteriorposteri...

BACKGROUND To eliminate the risk of combustion during electrosurgical procedures and to reduce patient discomfort, carbon dioxide (CO2) insufflation has been recommended during colonoscopy. However, air insufflation is still the standard method, perhaps due to the lack of suitable equipment and shortage of randomised studies. AIMS This randomised controlled trial was conducted to assess patie...

During surgical laparoscopy, total hepatic blood flow (THBF) may be modified by CO2insufflation, changes of tilt, ventilation with high tidal volume, hypercapnia, and anesthesia, but little information is available on the THBF during the procedure. To investigate the changes of hepatic blood flow following the combination of abdominal CO2 insufflation and changes of tilt, we measured mean arter...

BACKGROUND Non-invasive transcutaneous capnometry (TcCO2) is used to assess the home ventilation's efficiency. Recently, end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2) sensors have been integrated in life-support home ventilators. The purpose of this study was to compare the ventilator-integrated ETCO2 with TcCO2, in home-ventilated neuromuscular disease patients. METHODS ETCO2 and TcCO2 were simultaneously measured ...

TARGET AUDIENCE – Neuroscientists using ASL/BOLD MRI for CO2 cerebrovascular reactivity measurements or quantitative BOLD PURPOSE – Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) due to CO2 inhalation is believed to be a measure of the capacity of the cerebral blood vessels to match the cerebral blood flow (CBF) to the metabolic needs of the brain. CO2 CVR has been shown to be disturbed in many neurological ...

Glia are thought to regulate ion homeostasis, including extracellular pH; however, their role in modulating central CO2 chemosensitivity is unclear. Using a push-pull cannula in chronically instrumented and conscious rats, we administered a glial toxin, fluorocitrate (FC; 1 mM) into the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN), a putative chemosensitive site, during normocapnia and hypercapnia. FC exposure...

Introduction: Variations in end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) are known to be correlated to BOLD signal changes as a result of cerebral blood flow (CBF) adjustments driven by the arterial CO2 concentration that is reflected in expired air [1]. This suggests that measuring expired CO2 concentration could be an important addition to the respiratory motion and pulse plethysmography tracings commonl...