Waveform inversion based on least-squares reverse time migration (LSRTM) usually involves Born modeling, which models the primary-only data. As a result, process handles only primaries and corresponding multiple elimination preprocessing of input data is required prior to imaging inversion. Otherwise, multiples left in are mapped as false reflectors, also known crosstalk, final image. At same t...

Abstract We developed a modified topography prestack time migration (PSTM) scheme that can improve the imaging resolution by applying effective Q to migration. The computation of traveltime at each location in is based on floating datum smoothed rugged topography. Unlike common quality factor Q, only determines frequency-dependent amplitude and single location, which enables us establish model ...

migration and quality of redistribution of population across country is one of the main factors that planners take into account to control population and guide its movements to economic poles. scientific recognition of migration phenomenon is important for managing and policy making in the country. these movements change migration pattern, in a way that along with increase in population and the...

introduction emigration from villages to cities has been happening constantly and nowadays too, and shows the motion of rural societies. but, today the great number of emigrations and the villages getting evacuated from skilled and youth is a social- economical inexpressiveness in our country. considering the important role of human authorities in rural development, youth has an important place...