Drug addiction has developed to a social illness. Changes in glutamate transmission have been recorded by the repeated administration of addictive drugs into VTA. In this investigation, In vivo microdialysis was used to study the effects of morphine on glutamate release from the ventral tegmentum area (VTA) in freely moving rats. Rats were anesthetized with chloral hydrate (350 mg/kg, i.p.) and...

There is growing interest in delivering cellular agents to infarcted myocardium to prevent postinfarction left ventricular remodeling. MRI can be effectively used to differentiate infarcted from healthy myocardium. MR-guided delivery of cellular agents/therapeutics is appealing because the therapeutics can be precisely targeted to the desired location within the infarct. In this study, a steera...

The traditional superoanterior approach for transforaminal epidural steroid injection (TFESI) carries a risk of complication by obstructing arterial flow to the anterior portion of the spinal cord by puncturing the spinal radicular artery that passes through the superoanterior foraminal zone or "safe triangle" zone, which does not describe vascular safety, but rather describes neural safety. Co...

In this work, conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) is used to study the local electrical properties in thin films of self-organized fibrillate poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), as a reference polymer semiconductor. Depending on the geometrical confinement in the transport channel, the C-AFM current is shown to be governed either by the charge transport in the film or by the carrier injection...

Type III secretion systems are found in many Gram-negative bacteria. They are activated by contact with eukaryotic cells and inject virulence proteins inside them. Host cell detection requires a protein complex located at the tip of the device's external injection needle. The Shigella tip complex (TC) is composed of IpaD, a hydrophilic protein, and IpaB, a hydrophobic protein, which later forms...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To review the safety and efficacy of gadolinium as a contrast agent in spine pain management procedures in patients who are at high risk for a contrast reaction and are therefore unacceptable candidates for the use of standard nonionic contrast. METHODS We reviewed our records over a 4-year period of interlaminar and foraminal epidural steroid injections, nerve blocks, ...

We have developed a simple method to significantly improve the sensitivity in the LC/MS analysis of DNA adducts. A preconcentration tip for the selective recovery of DNA adducts was prepared. Using this tip, the total amount of DNA adducts in a treated DNA sample was injected in a one-shot manner into an LC/MS system. We were able to improve the sensitivity by more than one order of magnitude i...

Rhinoplasty is one of the most common aesthetic procedures in the world. It is the most common aesthetic surgery procedure in Iran. Achieving complete patient satisfaction is almost impossible but improving the aesthetics and function of the nose is the aim of surgery. This report describes a 34 years old woman with a large bump in the tip of the nose after three times cosmetic rhinoplasties. T...

background: although, different grafts are used for nasal tip plasty in cases with under projected or ill defined tip, the selection of a graft material, which provides sufficient amount of tissue with least donor site morbidity and low recipient site complication is challenging. the objectives of the present study were to examine the usefulness of cartilaginous dorsum as a proper material for ...

Background: Although, different grafts are used for nasal tip plasty in cases with under projected or ill defined tip, the selection of a graft material, which provides sufficient amount of tissue with least donor site morbidity and low recipient site complication is challenging. The objectives of the present study were to examine the usefulness of cartilaginous dorsum as a proper material for ...