Using a combination of qualitative and quantitative data, this paper investigates whether access to improved sources of water and sanitation is an effective ―treatment‖ for the incidence of diarrhea among children under five years of age in Egypt. The qualitative component of the paper draws on in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with residents of three governorates to present an ac...

Household demand for improved sanitation in developing countries is an important social and behavioral process with implications for public health, sanitation policy and planning, and sanitation design and technology development. This paper develops a behavioral approach to assess household demand for improved sanitation in Ghana. Adoption decision stages of preference, intention, and choice to...

In the developing world, having access to a toilet does not necessarily imply use: infrequent or non-use limits the desired health outcomes of improved sanitation. We examine the sanitation situation in a rural part of South Africa where recipients of novel, waterless “urine-diverting dry toilets” are not regularly using them. In order to determine if small, conditional cash transfers (CCT) cou...

OBJECTIVES To determine 1) the degree of soil contamination by parasites; 2) the prevalence of contaminated samples; 3) the overall number of parasitic forms, by distance between the collection site and the domicile; 4) the mean number of parasite forms per peri-household area; and 5) the variables associated with the total number of parasite forms. METHODS Soil samples were collected in the ...

Current research points towards preschool and qualitative pedagogical relationships as being determined and formed by a close link between care and teaching. An Early Childhood Education should lead not only towards the acquisition of knowledge within specific areas but should also enhance the personal development of student teachers. New and creative competences need to be developed to cope wi...

BACKGROUND Burns are a major factor in injury mortality. The aim of this study was to explore the possible causes of fatal burns using Haddon's Matrix. METHODS This is a qualitative study using a phenomenological approach. We collected elicitation interview data using nine corroborators who were the most knowledgeable about the index burn event. Immediately after recording, the data was verba...

BACKGROUND Movie-based simulation training may be useful in delivering the preclinical observed OSPE curriculum, minimising the need of subjects/patients: however, a double-control trial needs to be performed and optimal timing and duration of training is yet to be defined. Likewise, gender-based response and students' feedback has to be assessed. The objective of this study was to compare the ...

the 6th national population and housing census was carried out from october 28 to november 17, 2006 in which three different questionnaires were used. question number 55 of the 3rd questionnaire asked about housing units sewage disposal. this paper studies and analyzes the answers to the mentioned question in regional and national levels. assessment of housing units sewage disposal conditions s...

Anticipating population growth and future droughts, many water systems with supply constraints have implemented potable reuse or are studying its potential. The technology operations well understood, once conservation efficiency efforts maximized, may be the most feasible option for communities. As full-scale has become a reality over past 20 years, there been campaigns to engage public both ag...

The study on the survey of intestinal helminth infections amongst school children in rural communities of Ebonyi State was conducted in a cross section of ten (10) primary schools in Afikpo North LGA of Ebonyi State in 2013 to determine the prevalence of infection amongst the scholar population in public schools. Stool samples were randomly collected from five hundred (500) children and microsc...