Frog breeding phenology in temperate zones is usually compared to progress of spring temperatures at a regional scale. However, local populations may differ substantially in phenology. To understand this, local climate and other aspects must be studied. In this study, breeding phenology of the common frog, Rana temporaria, in a set of ponds in southern Sweden is analyzed. There was within year ...

BACKGROUND Hypercholesterolemia is one of the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. Increased blood cholesterol affects general health and increases mortality due to cardiovascular disease. Poor nutrition increases LDL cholesterol and decreases LDL receptor activities in the liver. Scientists have shown that consumption of antioxidants can reduce hypercholesterolemia and proved benefits of f...

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are plant hormones that are perceived at the cell surface by a membrane-bound receptor kinase, BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1 (BRI1). BRI1 interacts with BRI1-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE1 (BAK1) to initiate a signal transduction pathway in which autophosphorylation and transphosphorylation of BRI1 and BAK1, as well as phosphorylation of multiple downstream substrates, play c...

Intercropping could alleviate soil-borne diseases, however, few studies focused on the immunity of the host plant induced by the interspecific interactions. To test whether or not intercropping could enhance the disease resistance of host plant, we investigated the effect of companion cropping with potato onion on tomato Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae (V. dahliae). To investig...

the present article is aimed at study on agroclimatic conditions of cultivation of sunflower throughout selected substations at kurdistan  province by means of gis system. in this investigation, meteorological data have been received from synoptic stations based on daily, monthly, and annually trend from iran meteorological organization (imo) at kurdistan  province and then homogeneity of data ...

The role of biotic interactions in shaping plant flowering phenology has long been controversial; plastic responses to the abiotic environment, limited precision of biological clocks and inconsistency of selection pressures have generally been emphasized to explain phenological variation. However, part of this variation is heritable and selection analyses show that biotic interactions can modul...

Insect phenologies are changing in response to climate warming. Shifts toward earlier seasonal activity are widespread; however, responses of insect phenology to warming are often more complex. Many species have prolonged their activity periods; others have shown delays. Furthermore, because of interspecific differences in temperature sensitivity, warming can increase or decrease synchronizatio...

1. Climatic Adaptation of Plants in Boreal Zone 2. Trees and Shrubs 2.1. Regulation of the Annual Cycle 2.1.1. Phenology of Bud Burst 2.1.2. Phenology of Growth Cessation 2.2. Effects of Climatic Warming during Overwintering 2.2.1. Timing of Dehardening and Bud Burst 2.2.2. Timing of Growth Cessation and Hardening 2.3. Effects of Climatic Warming During Growing Season 3. Herbs and Grasses Gloss...

Food processing by-products are commonly used as feed ingredients for livestock. Wet tomato pulp is byproduct containing tomato seeds and skin residues and obtained during processing of tomatoes for paste, juice, ketchup etc. Tomato production in Turkey was around 10 million tons and approximately 3 million tons tomatoes were used for processing of tomatoes in 2010 [48]. During production of to...

Shelf life is one of the most important traits for the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) industry. Two key factors, post-harvest over-ripening and susceptibility to post-harvest pathogen infection, determine tomato shelf life. Anthocyanins accumulate in the skin of Aft/Aft atv/atv tomatoes, the result of introgressing alleles affecting anthocyanin biosynthesis in fruit from two wild relatives of to...