Introduction Typically, cervical dystonia (CD), or spasmodic torticollis, is described as a condition in which the cervical paraspinal muscle groups in the neck undergo uncontrollable and prolonged spasm. It has been well described in the literature that CD presents in most patients with an extreme head tilt or tremor due to spasm. This has become the all-encompassing definition of CD to many c...

Osteoblastomas are rare neoplasms of the spine. The majority of the spinal lesions arise from the posterior elements and involvement of the corpus is usually by extension through the pedicles. An extremely rare case of isolated C2 corpus osteoblastoma is presented herein. A 9-year-old boy who presented with neck pain and spasmodic torticollis was shown to have a lesion within the corpus of C2. ...

We report four children with sternomastoid contracture combined with torticolis secondary to congenital vertebral anomalies. Two had features of Klippel-Feil syndrome and a proximal release of the contracted sternomastoid produced good cosmetic correction initially. Progression of the deformity occurred subsequently without recurrence of sternomastoid contracture. One child had such mild deform...

One hundred and eight neonates and infants who showed the clinical triad of a head turned to one side, adduction contracture of the hip joint on the occipital side of the turned head, and truncal curvature, which we named TAC syndrome, were studied. These cases included seven with congenital and five with late infantile dislocations of the hip joint and 14 who developed muscular torticollis. Fo...

There were 47 patients with congenital muscular torticollis who underwent operative release. After a mean follow-up of 74 months (60 to 90), they were divided into two groups, one aged one to four years (group 1) and the other aged five to 16 years (group 2). The outcomes were assessed by evaluating the following parameters: deficits of lateral flexion and rotation, craniofacial asymmetry, surg...

Ten patients with spasmodic torticollis were treated by injection of a total dose of 30 ng of botulinum toxin type A into the affected sternomastoid and posterior cervical muscles. Nine patients reported improvement in head position and control, which was confirmed in seven cases by clinical assessment and "blind" videotape ratings before and 6 weeks after injection. Five patients who had pain ...

Occipito-atlantalrotatory subluxation that occurs in conjunction with atlanto-axial rotator fixation is extremely rare. The common clinical characteristics are painful torticollis and cock robin position presented with the head tilted to one side and rotated to the other side. The object of this report is to emphasize that AARF combined with OARF may be caused by a variety of conditions, to be ...