This paper proposes a novel generalized total-field/scattered-field (G-TF/SF) formulation for finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) to efficiently model an infinite material scatterer illuminated by an arbitrarily oriented plane wave within a compact FDTD grid. This requires the sourcing of numerical plane waves traveling into, or originating from, the perfectly matched layer (PML) absorber boun...

in this paper, the hartree-fock method has been formulated to investigate some of the ground state properties of quasi-one-dimensional interacting electron gas in the presence of the magnetic field. the bare coulomb interaction between electrons has been assumed. for this system, we have also computed some of its thermodynamic and magnetic properties such as the energy, pressure, incompressibil...

Introduction: In the last few decades, a lot of monte carlo codes have been introduced for medical applications. this is important because through simulation, we are fully independent of the spectral scattering factor that we are not able measure in real terms. The effect of the radiation energy, the dimension of the radiation field, the sensitive volume of the ion chamber on t...

background: in the recent years, eutrophication has become a serious challenge for many of the water ecosystems. it has affected the environmental and economical aspects of the anzali wetland, which is known as one of the significant ecosystem. due to the increase of the nutrient loadings from the industrial, agricultural and human activities, the wetland’s health is faced many serious problems...

This study was conducted in the Kordofan region of Sudan during 2011–12. It was devoted to the morphology associated to the juvenile development and performance of tree species of Capparaceae and Combretaceae in a nursery and early field growth. The nursery experiment was conducted to study morphological characters to identify seedlings of tree species under study. Seedlings were transplanted t...