In this study, we have investigated how enhanced total flight force production compromises steering performance in tethered flying fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster. The animals were flown in a closed-loop virtual-reality flight arena in which they modulated total flight force production in response to vertically oscillating visual patterns. By simultaneously measuring stroke amplitude and s...

In this paper, dissimilar resistance spot welding of AISI 1075 eutectoid steel to AISI 201 stainless steel is investigated experimentally. For this purpose, the experiments are designed using response surface methodology and based on four-factor, five-level central composite design. The effects of process parameters such as welding current, welding time, cooling time and electrode force are inv...

In typical force spectroscopy experiments, a small biomolecule is attached to a soft polymer linker that is pulled with a relatively large bead or cantilever. At constant force, the total extension stochastically changes between two (or more) values, indicating that the biomolecule undergoes transitions between two (or several) conformational states. In this paper, we consider the influence of ...

PURPOSE This study aims to investigate the effects of four different lateral occlusion schemes and different excursions on peri-implant strains of a maxillary canine implant. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four metal crowns with different occlusion schemes were attached to an implant in the maxillary canine region of a resin model. The included schemes were canine-guided (CG) occlusion, group function...

CONTEXT Little is known of the relationships between muscle function and bone, based on the recently developed technique of jumping mechanography. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to determine associations between peak ground reaction force and peak power during a 1-legged hopping test and a single 2-legged jump, respectively, and cortical bone parameters. DESIGN AND SETTING This was a cross-sec...

Here we show theoretically that swimming animals and athletes gain an advantage in force and speed by spreading their fingers and toes optimally. The larger force means larger body mass lifted and greater speed, in accord with the constructal theory of all animal locomotion. The spacing between fingers must be twice the thickness of the boundary layer around one finger. This theoretical predict...

A conservative formulation of the Lorentz force is given here for magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flows at a low magnetic Reynolds number with the current density calculated based on Ohm’s law and the electrical potential formula. This conservative formula shows that the total momentum contributed from the Lorentz force is conservative when the applied magnetic field is constant. For the case with a ...

The present paper deals with the hydrodynamic force from granular streams overflowing a wall-like obstacle. An analytical continuum model is proposed to derive this force both for steady and unsteady flow conditions. The force derived from the continuum model is successfully compared to the time-averaged force from discrete numerical simulations of free-surface granular flows down an incline an...

Total-energy pseudopotential calculations are used to study the imaging process in non-contact atomic force microscopy on Si(l 1 l) surfaces. The atomic resolution seen in the experiments is attributed to the onset of covalent bonding between a Iocalised dangling bond on the atom at the apex of the tip and the dangling bonds on the adatoms in the surface. This interaction dominates the force gr...