The immunomodulatory effect of fermented non-salty soybean powder (NSBP) was investigated in C3H/HeN mice. The number of splenic CD11b(+), CD49b(+), and interferon (IFN)-γ(+)CD4(+) cells increased significantly, while that of interleukin (IL)-4(+)CD4(+) and CD19(+) cells decreased significantly in cultures containing NSBP. Similarly, in the spleen and Peyer's patches of mice fed a diet containi...

High levels of airborne particulate matter (PM) and bacteria may exist in animal housing, which can be detrimental to the health of animals and workers. The sizes of these bioaerosols determine their aerialtransport behaviors and depositions in the respiratory tracts of animals and humans. However, little is known regarding the size distribution of airborne PM and bacteria in livestock houses, ...

The effects of Different Levels Alhaji Maurorum L. on Egg Production, Traits and Blood Parameters Commercial Laying Hen (Line W63)

A heat exchanger network (HEN) for the process of methanol synthesis has been studied by combination of pinch design method and the application of “Twisted Tube” heat exchanger units as a new technology. The HEN is reconstructed based on the full utilization of maximum allowable pressure drops for the process hot and cold streams. An algorithm is developed to generate design procedure for twist...

background: campylobacter spp. are the common pathogens that infect human beings via food. these bacteria are vibrio and have been implicated in abortion. serotyping is the best way for typing with penner scheme. c. jejuni and c. coli have 65 serotypes. c. coli is common in birds and dogs. due to high rate of prevalence of campylobacter in red-meat, chicken-meat and egg-shell, a suitable method...

background: it has been shown that zinc has an effect on physiological responses in animals and birds. on the other hand, dietary phytase in poultry results in increased availability of zinc. objectives: this study was conducted to investigate the effects of zinc oxide (zno) and escherichia coli-derived 6-phytase supplemented diets on the plasma metabolites and enzyme activities of broiler bree...

Genetic susceptibility to murine Lyme arthritis has been correlated with the dominance of T-helper (Th1)- or Th2-cell-associated cytokines. To determine when commitment of the Th cell phenotype occurs, we examined the kinetics of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) production by lymph node T cells of disease-susceptible C3H/HeN and disease-resistant BALB/c mice from days 2 thr...

Health Evidence Network (HEN) synthesis report on hospital performance Measurement is central to the concept of hospital quality improvement; it provides a means to define what hospitals actually do, and to compare that with the original targets in order to identify opportunities for improvement. The principal methods of measuring hospital performance are regulatory inspection, public satisfact...

This is a Health Evidence Network (HEN) synthesis report focusing on the evidence of effective treatment for the types of ill-health from which homeless people often suffer. Homeless people constitute a heterogeneous population characterized by multiple morbidity (primarily alcohol and drug dependence, and mental disorders) and premature mortality. The problems need to be addressed by many meas...

The housing of laying hens is important for social, industrial, and regulatory aspects. Many studies have compared hen housing systems on the research farm, but few have fully examined commercial housing systems and management strategies. The current study compared hens housed in commercial cage-free aviary, conventional cage, and enriched colony cage systems. Environmental and eggshell pool sa...