The purpose of this paper is to present some of the more carefully studied aspects of the preclinical toxicology of antineo-plastic agents, and apply these findings (with certain obvious cautions) to the area of environmental toxicology. Most of the studies to be described here are the result of applied toxicologic studies performed in support of the clinical introduction of new chemicals in th...

most complex environmental health threats known today. By mimicking natural hormones such as estrogen and testosterone, these chemicals can interact with the body's endocrine system and exert toxic effects that may lead to reproductive and developmental abnormalities or cancer. In October 2000, the National Toxicology Program (NTP) and the NIEHS convened an independent panel of experts from aca...

“Comparison of the Inflammatory Potency of Bacteria in Their Cell Wall Components in theLung.” JM Gassman, PS Thorne, M O’Neill, J Phipps, K Kulhankova, C Duchaine, Toxicological Sciences,The Toxicologist, March 2000, 39 Annual Meeting Society of Toxicology. March 2000. Abstract: “A National Survey of Endotoxin in House Dust”, PS Thorne, K Kulhankova, M. O’Neill, PJVojta, W Friedman...

[ Aristotle, the great Greek philosopher, stated back around 350 CE that í ú о ú , hich means that without the basics it is impossible to live and ive well. My own belief, as a toxicologist with more than 30 years f experience in the field, is that the science of toxicology and its ffect on people and the environment is truly such a basic discipline, oth for our existence, as well as for our we...

A physician who conducted some of the first studies documenting the effect of lead poisoning on children. An epidemiologist studying the effects of exposure to diethyl-stilbestrol (DES). A toxicologist pointing out the many different chemical exposures associated with impulsivity. Though each of their disciplines uses a different language, all of these scientists study the links between the env...

In March, prompted by rising concerns over groundwater contamination, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) called for a phaseout of methyl-tert-butyl ether, or MTBE, a chemical added to gasoline to reduce carbon monoxide (CO) pollution. The 1990 Clean Air Act requires that gasoline sold in polluted urban areas contain oxygen additives. This "oxygena-tion" supposedly promotes complete ...

chemotherapy or HIV. Therefore, flight attendants and others say that airplane cabin air should be held to higher standards than workplaces. Pressure from passengers may be a major contributing factor in encouraging airlines to increase fresh air. In the August issue of Consumer Reports, airlines were ranked according to levels of carbon dioxide in airplane cabins and criticized for the low amo...

W'ITH the increasing rate at which new chemicals are being introduced to industry, it has become more and more apparent that the toxicologist must try to discover at least the basic principles upon which to determine by an examination of its formula the toxicity of any aiven substance. Up to now these principles have been elusive and our knowledge is fragmentary in the extreme. The replacement ...

BACKGROUND This is the 27th Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers' (AAPCC) National Poison Data System (NPDS). As of 1 July 2009, 60 of the nation's 60 US poison centers (PCs) uploaded case data automatically. The upload time was 19.9 [9.7, 58.7] (median [25%, 75%]) minutes, creating a near real-time national exposure and information database and surveillance syste...

‘Contamination’ is a comparative term. In Britain at least, contaminants are trace substances; in the context of food they are distinguished from additives by whether or not there is an intention that the substances should be present when the food is consumed or prepared for consumption. Contaminants may be of natural or of technological origin: and technological contaminants may be direct or i...