Retinoic acid receptor (RAR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes involved in cell growth, differentiation, and development. Binding of the retinoic acid hormone to RAR is accompanied by conformational changes in the protein which induce transactivation or transrepression of the target genes. In this paper we present a study of the hormone binding/un...

A detailed understanding of the interactions between small-molecule ligands and their proposed binding targets is utmost importance for modern drug-development programs. Cellular retinoic acid-binding proteins I II (CRABPI CRABPII) facilitate a number vital retinoid signalling pathways in mammalian cells offer gateway to manipulation that could potentially reduce phenotypes serious diseases, in...

Vitamin A is a family of derivatives synthesized from carotenoids acquired the diet and can be converted in animals to bioactive forms essential for life. A1 (all-trans-retinol/ATROL) provitamin (all-trans-?,?-carotene/ATBC) are precursors all-trans-retinoic acid acting as ligand retinoic receptors. The contribution ATROL ATBC formation 9-cis-13,14-dihydroretinoic (9CDHRA), only endogenous reti...

Retinoic acid syndrome is a novel complication of therapy with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APML). Primarily the syndrome consists of fever and respiratory distress. Additional features include weight gain, oedema over lower extremities, pleural or pericardial effusion and hypotension. We report electrophysiological changes in a 16 year old patie...

Retinoid is a term for compounds that bind to and activate retinoic acid receptors (RARalpha, RARbeta, and RARgamma), members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. The most important endogenous retinoid is all-trans-retinoic acid. Retinoids regulate a wide variety of essential biological processes, such as vertebrate embryonic morphogenesis and organogenesis, cell growth arrest, differen...

objective(s):to culture thein vitro mouse embryonic stem cells (mescs) and to direct their  differentiation to germ-line cells; in present study we used a vector backbone containing the fusion construct stra8-egfp to select differentiated es cells that entered meiosis.  retinoic acid was used to differentiate embryonic stem cells to germ cells. materials and methods: a fragment of stra8 gene pr...

Reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography was employed to separate the major products resulting from the hydroperoxide-dependent cooxidation of 13-cis-retinoic acid by microsomal and purified prostaglandin H (PGH) synthase. Several major oxygenated metabolites including 4-hydroxy-, 5,6-epoxy-, and 5,8-oxy-13-cis-retinoic acid were unambiguously identified on the basis of cochromatograph...

Embryonic cerebrospinal fluid (E-CSF) is involved in the regulation of survival, proliferation and neurogenesis of neuroectodermal progenitor cells, as well as in the control of mesencephalic gene expression in collaboration with the isthmic organizer. Recently, we showed the presence of retinol-binding protein (RBP) within the E-CSF proteome. RBP is an all-trans retinol carrier, a molecule tha...