Transcranial current brain stimulation (tCS) is becoming increasingly popular as a non-pharmacological non-invasive neuromodulatory method that alters cortical excitability by applying weak electrical currents to the scalp via a pair of electrodes. Most applications of this technique have focused on enhancing motor and learning skills, as well as a therapeutic agent in neurological and psychiat...

We present an approach for automatic segmentation of the midbrain and substantia nigra in 2D transcranial sonographies (TCS). It combines principles from both deformable shapes and Active Contour Models (ACM). A set of ACM is coupled with a two–component Finite Element Model of the midbrain anatomy, and this shape representation is used in a deformable shape search for the midbrain. A successfu...

To the Editor: We read with interest the article by Wang et al1 regarding the use of transcranial Doppler sonography to assess middle cerebral artery flow parameters in patients with serious brain injury. The importance of developing noninvasive techniques to monitor intracranial pressure in patients at risk of developing raised intracranial pressure remains challenging, but if achieved, they h...

Synchronized neuronal activity in the cortex generates weak electric fields that are routinely measured in humans and animal models by electroencephalography and local field potential recordings. Traditionally, these endogenous electric fields have been considered to be an epiphenomenon of brain activity. Recent work has demonstrated that active cortical networks are surprisingly susceptible to...

BACKGROUND Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial current stimulation (tCS) have the potential to mitigate a variety of symptoms associated with neurological and psychiatric conditions, including stroke, cerebral palsy, autism, depression, and Tourette syndrome. While the safety of these modalities has been established in...

RATIONALE Personalizing transcranial stimulations promises to enhance beneficial effects for individual patients. OBJECTIVE To stimulate specific cortical regions by developing a procedure to bend and position custom shaped electrodes; to probe the effects on cortical excitability produced when the properly customized electrode is targeting different cortical areas. METHOD An ad hoc neurona...

Low current transcranial electrical stimulation (tCS) is an effective but somewhat inconsistent tool for augmenting neuromodulation. In this study, we used 3D MRI guided electrical transcranial stimulation modeling to estimate the range of current intensities received at cortical brain tissues. Combined T1, T2, and proton density MRIs from 24 adult subjects (12 male and 12 female) were modeled ...