A new mathematical model for the bulk electrical impedance of human skin is presented. In particular this model describes the impedance of skin during surface functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) with square stimulation pulses. Experimental data are presented that illustrate the nonlinear dynamic properties of human skin during current and voltage controlled stimulation. Model predictions...

INTRODUCTION Bariatric surgery has become increasingly more recommended for the treatment of morbidly obese individuals for whom it is possible to identify co-morbidities other than alterations in pulmonary function. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of conventional chest physiotherapy (CCP) and of conventional physiotherapy associated with transcutaneous electrical diaphr...

conclusions tens can reduce postoperative pain in the early hours after inguinal hernia repair surgery. results the mean estimated postoperative pain intensity was 6.21 ± 1.63 in the intervention group and 5.45 ± 1.82 in the control group (p = 0.08). in the intervention group pain intensity at 2 and 4 hours after surgery were 3.54 ± 1.48 and 5.12 ± 1.41 (p < 0.001), respectively. in the control...

A powerful early inhibition is seen in triceps surae after transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the Achilles tendon [tendon electrical stimulation (TES)]. The aim of the present study was to confirm results from surface electromyogram (SEMG) recordings that the inhibition is not wholly or partly due to stimulation of cutaneous afferents that may lie within range of the tendon electrodes. Be...

[Purpose] This study aimed to investigate the differential effects of high-intensity and low-intensity transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on the contralateral side on the pain threshold in healthy subjects. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty-five healthy adults, volunteers received two intensity levels (motor-level, 1.5 times the muscle motor threshold; sensory-level, sensory threshold of t...

Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) has been reported on its effect to reorganize the sensory neural network in central nervous system, similar as observations traditional invasive stimulation.

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that affects approximately one percent of the world population. Anti-epileptic drugs are ineffective in 25~30% of cases. Electrical stimulation to control seizures may be an additive therapy. We applied noninvasive transcutaneous focal electrical stimulation (TFES) via concentric ring electrodes on the scalp of rats after inducing seizures with pentylenetetra...