Conclusions The use of 3D-MTEE imaging, which is feasible in most patients, provides superb imaging of native MVs, which makes this modality an excellent choice for MV surgical planning and guidance of percutaneous interventions. Optimal aortic and tricuspid valve imaging will depend on further technological developments. Fast acquisition and immediate online display will facilitate wider accep...

Introduced in 1977, transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) offered imaging through a new acoustic window sitting directly behind the heart, allowing improved evaluation of many cardiac conditions. Shortly thereafter, TEE was applied to the intraoperative environment, as investigators quickly recognized that continuous cardiac evaluation and monitoring during surgery, particularly cardiac operat...

We have previously reported a standardized stepwise transesophageal echocardiography transverse plane (monoplane) patient examination sequence suitable for intraoperative use. Biplane transesophageal echocardiography furnishes images of the heart and great vessels in both transverse and vertical planes. This report describes a seven-step vertical plane examination, the completion component of a...