This paper sketches a taxonomy of Aristophanic puns and explores the strategies employed by ‘faithful’ English translations for rendering such jokes. No pun is untranslatable. At same time, there no perfect translation but range options, more or less effective certain context, audience, type pun. The challenges which translators face with jokes, as well ingenious solutions they offer on occasio...

This paper discusses the t reatment of fixed word expressions developed for our ITS-2 FrenchEnglish translation system. This t reatment makes a clear distinction between compounds i.e. mult iword expressions of X°-level in which the chunks are adjacent and idiomatic phrases i.e. mult iword expressions of phrasal categories, where the chunks are not necessarily adjacent. In our system, compounds...

Translation of culture-bound terms is of special importance in translation theory and practice. The present study is an attempt to examine the procedures used in translating these terms in the English translations of the Holy Qur’an.  As  such,  English  equivalents  of  terms  related  to Practical laws of religion (Furū al-Dīn) in five English versions of the Qur'an are identified and the  tr...

At low pressure, ethylene gas consists of single translating and rotating molecules and behaves as an ideal gas. With decrease of free volume by compression, various rotating supramolecular particles are formed, which require less space for the movement: molecular pairs, bimolecules and oligomolecules. The appearance of a new kind of particles is manifested as a phase transition of the second o...

Stereotactic radiosurgery is a method for focused irradiation of intracranial lesions. Linac-based radiosurgery is currently performed by two techniques: couch mounted and pedestal mounted. In the first technique a device is required to affix the patient's head to the couch and neoreover to translate it accurately. Structure of such a device constructed by the authors plus acceptance test perfo...

Computer programs have to “understand” diagrams if diagrams are going to be used for communications with or through the computer, i.e., the computer has to be supplied with a method that translates a diagram into an abstract internal representation for further processing. This paper describes such a method that is based on a specification of the translation process. The translation process star...

This paper discusses the t reatment of fixed word expressions developed for our ITS-2 FrenchEnglish translation system. This t reatment makes a clear distinction between compounds i.e. mult iword expressions of X°-level in which the chunks are adjacent and idiomatic phrases i.e. mult iword expressions of phrasal categories, where the chunks are not necessarily adjacent. In our system, compounds...

Knowledge graph embedding aims at translating the knowledge graph into numerical representations by transforming the entities and relations into continuous low-dimensional vectors. Recently, many methods [1, 5, 3, 2, 6] have been proposed to deal with this problem, but existing single-thread implementations of them are time-consuming for large-scale knowledge graphs. Here, we design a unified p...

A term-list is a list of content words that characterize a consistent text or a concept. This paper presents a new method for translating a term-list by using a corpus in the target language. The method rst retrieves alternative translations for each input word from a bilingual dictionary. It then determines the most`coherent' combination of alternative translations , where the coherence of a s...