This study aimed to describe the types of directive speech acts, use translation techniques, and quality Indonesian book Badzl al-Mâ'ûn fi Fadhl ath-Thâ'ûn. research used descriptive analysis findings; qualitative was chosen as method this study. Consequently, data were analyzed using Miles Huberman's Spradley's models. The results stated that there 60 consisting eight act types, where frequenc...

l-Mimosine, a plant amino acid, can reversibly block mammalian cells at late G1 phase and has been suggested to affect translation of mRNAs such as p27, the CDK inhibitor. However, the mechanism of this effect is not known. Regulation of translation generally occurs at the initiation step that, in mammalian cells, is a complex process that requires multiple eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) ...

Research and development activities for machine translation systems from English language to others are more progressive than vice versa. It has been more than 30 years since the machine translation was introduced and yet a Malay language or Bahasa Melayu (BM) to English machine translation engine is not available. Consequently, many translation systems have been developed for the world's top 1...

We investigate the computational content of the axiom of determinacy (AD) in the setting of classical arithmetic in all finite types with the principle of dependent choices (DC). By employing the notion of realizability interpretation for arithmetic given by Berardi, Bezem and Coquand (1998), we interpret the negative translation of AD. Consequently, the combination of the negative translation ...

Certain postulates are posited as a basis for the orientation and organization of research in mechanical translation. They are the following: 1. The essential problem of mechanical translation is the establishment of acceptable correlation between the signs of one system (the source language) and those of another (the target language). 2. The signs of natural language, unlike the symbols of suc...

A certain recovery method is now under consideration: a re-entrizing model for phoneme candidates by means of searching the correct phonemes using modification depending on recognition error characteristics in an example-based framewbrk [Wakita95]. This approach provides a recovery effect in handling phoneme or syllable sequences, and the effect depends on the particular speakers because of ind...

Accurate evaluation of machine translation (MT) is an open problem. A brief survey of the current approach to tackle this problem is presented and a new proposal is introduced. This proposal attempts to measure the percentage of words, which should be modified at the output of an automatic translator in order to obtain a correct translation. To show the feasibility of the method we have assesse...

this study was conducted to identify and compare the strategies applied by two native farsi translators in rendering the culture specific items (csis) of a literary text titled savushun in their english translations. in this study, csis refer to the materials, social customs, religious concepts, and traditions available in one language and culture but nonexistent in the other language and cultu...

This paper evaluates a direct speech translation Method with waveforms using the Inductive Learning method for short conversation. The method is able to work without conventional speech recognition and speech synthesis because syntactic expressions are not needed for translation in the proposed method. We focus only on acoustic characteristics of speech waveforms of source and target languages ...