BACKGROUND Multiple reports have demonstrated the efficacy of the transnasal endoscopic repair of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks of the anterior cranial base. The literature, however, lacks a comprehensive clinical study specifically addressing the transnasal endoscopic repair of CSF leaks of the sphenoid sinus. OBJECTIVE To ascertain the factors that significantly affect the surgical outcom...

The inclusion of maxillary canines is a very common condition. The intraoral approach to the canine extraction can be buccal or palatal depending on the position of the tooth. However, in some cases, the proximity to the nasal floor or the side wall of the nose makes the transoral approach rather invasive. The aim of this article was to describe a novel transnasal endoscopically assisted approa...

Objectives: This report concerns office-based esophageal foreign body extraction using transnasal videoendoscopy and advantages of this intervention. Methods: A videoendoscope with a working channel for irrigation, air insufflation and forceps was used. The diameter of the videoendoscope tip was 5.3 mm. Transoral esophageal foreign body extraction using transnasal esophagoscopy was performed un...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to describe the endoscopic combined "transseptal/transnasal" approach with a pedicled nasoseptal flap for pituitary adenoma and skull base reconstruction, especially with respect to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula. METHOD Ninety-one consecutive patients with pituitary adenomas were retrospectively reviewed. All patients underwent the endoscopic combin...

BACKGROUND Sphenopalatine ganglion block is used to treat headache and facial pain. There are transnasal, transoral and lateral approaches to establish the blockade. The transnasal application of topical anesthetic is the simplest and most common technique among the three. However, the diffusion of topical anesthetic to the ganglion is unpredictable and the blockade is not durable. OBJECTIVE ...

OBJECT The authors describe the utility of and outcomes after endoscopic transnasal craniotomy and skull reconstruction in the management of skull base pathologies. METHODS The authors conducted a observational study of patients undergoing totally endoscopic, transnasal, transdural surgery. The patients included in the study underwent treatment over a 12-month period at 2 tertiary medical cen...

During the last two decades endoscopic skull base surgery observed a continuous technical and technological development 3D endoscopy and ultra High Definition (HD) endoscopy have provided great advances in terms of visualisation and spatial resolution. Ultra-high definition (UHD) 4K systems, recently introduced in the clinical practice, will shape next steps forward especially in skull base sur...

BACKGROUND Minimally invasive endoscopic endonasal approaches to the ventral skull base have evolved considerably over the past several years. However, where there is a lateral extension of tumors as far as the parapharyngeal spaces with inferior extension below the level of the soft palate, limitations remain for an exclusive transnasal approach. METHODS A combined endoscopic-assisted transn...

OBJECTIVE Integration of robotic surgical technology into skull base surgery is limited due to minimum angle requirements between robotic tools (narrow funnel effect), steep angle of approach, and instrumentation size. The objectives of this study were to systematically analyze surgical approach portals using a computer model, determine optimal approaches, and assess feasibility of the derived ...