In the past few decades, glass ceramic (GC) has revolutionized application of [...]

PURPOSE New techniques for the prediction of tumor behavior are needed, because statistical analysis has a poor accuracy and is not applicable to the individual. Artificial intelligence (AI) may provide these suitable methods. Whereas artificial neural networks (ANN), the best-studied form of AI, have been used successfully, its hidden networks remain an obstacle to its acceptance. Neuro-fuzzy ...

We construct and analyze a model of delegated portfolio management in which money managers signal their investment skills via their choice of transparency for their fund. We show that a natural equilibrium is one in which highand low-skill managers pool in opaque funds, while medium-skill managers separate in transparent funds. In this equilibrium, high-skill managers rely on their eventual per...

In this paper a Bayesian logic of the conjunction fallacy (CF) is advocated as a normative and descriptive proposal for testing hypotheses about dyadic logical connectors. According to traditional extensional probability a violation of additivity and, in particular, a violation of P(A) ≥ P(A ∧ B) or of P(Linda is a bank teller) ≥ P(Linda is a bank teller AND an active feminist) is a fallacy. Th...

With the rise of AI used for critical decision-making, many important predictions are made by complex and opaque algorithms. The aim eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is to make these decision-making algorithms more transparent trustworthy. This often done constructing an ``explainable model'' a single modality or subsystem. However, this approach fails systems that out multiple parts. ...

Leaks are pervasive in politics. Hence, many committees that nominally operate under secrecy de facto the threat information might be passed on to outsiders. We study theoretically and experimentally how this possibility affects behavior of committee members decision-making accuracy. Our theoretical analysis generates two major predictions. First, a operating leaks is equivalent formally transp...