In plants, the vacuole builds up the cellular turgor and represents an important component in cellular responses to diverse stress stimuli. Rapid volume changes of cells, particularly of motor cells, like guard cells, are caused by variation of osmolytes and consequently of the water contents in the vacuole. Moreover, directed solute uptake into or release out of the large central vacuole allow...

Distribution and transport processes of marine particulate matter off Cape Blanc (NW-Africa): results from vertical camera profiles N. Nowald, G. Karakas, V. Ratmeyer, G. Fischer, R. Schlitzer, R. A. Davenport, and G. Wefer University of Bremen, Department of Geosciences, Klagenfurterstrasse, 28359 Bremen Alfred Wegener Institute Foundation for Polar and Marine Research, Bürgermeister-Smidt-Str...

In this study, mass transfer coefficients (MTC’s) of natural gas components during hydrate formation are reported. This work is based on the assumption that the transport of gas molecules from gas phase to aqueous phase is dominant among other resistances. Several experiments were conducted on a mixture of natural gas at different pressures and temperatures and the consumed gas was monitored an...

The peculiarities of electric current in semiconductors with nonuniform distribution of charge carriers are studied. The semiclassical drift-diffusion equations consisting of the continuity equations and the Poisson equation are solved numerically using Rusanov finite-difference scheme of third order. The different types of boundary conditions are numerically investigated. It is shown that the ...

Passive transport of macromolecules in growing nerve processes was analyzed quantitatively by measuring the rate of diffusion of fluorescently labeled molecules injected into the soma of cultured Xenopus neurons. We found that the diffusion of globular proteins in the neurite’s cytoplasm was about five times slower than that in aqueous solution, a rate considerably higher than those inferred fr...

The symbiosome membrane (SM) is a physical barrier between the host plant and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the legume:rhizobia symbiosis, and represents a regulated interface for the movement of solutes between the symbionts that is under plant control. The primary nutrient exchange across the SM is the transport of a carbon energy source from plant to bacteroid in exchange for fixed nitrogen. A...

Radiotherapy and radiology have been indispensable components in cancer care for many years. The detection limit of small tumor foci as well as the development of radio-resistance and severe side effects towards normal tissues led to the development of strategies to improve radio-diagnostic and -therapeutic approaches by pharmaceuticals. The term "radiopharmaceutical" has been used for drugs la...

Gravity dependent transport phenomena in various industrial processes are investigated in order to indicate new directions for micro-gravity research that enhance the commercial success of the space program. The present article describes the commercialization possibilities of such topics associated with physicochemical transport phenomena. The topics are: coating flow, rotating electrochemical ...

Various classes of non-quiescent magnetized plasma exhibit anomalous energy and/or momentum diffusivity. In this case, ‘anomalous’ is meant to characterize a transport regime wherein the measured property flux disagrees with classical theory. In most examples anomalous transport is substantially higher than classical expressions predict; it is no different for the Hall accelerator. It has been ...