The force required to peel a film from a substrate is generally a complex function of geometry, the constitutive properties of the film and substrate, and the interfacial cohesive properties. In most analyses, the effects of the transverse shear force that is an integral aspect of almost any peel test are neglected, although they can be incorporated in an indirect fashion through models that in...

A scheme for active control of nonlinear vibration of space-structures, wherein each member is modeled as a beam-column, is presented. The expressions for shear stresses transmitted to the structural member by the distributed segmented piezo-electric actuators, which are bonded on the surfaces of the member, are derived in the general case in which the structural member is subjected to moments,...

OBJECTIVE Laminar shear stress is atheroprotective for endothelial cells (ECs), whereas nonlaminar, disturbed, or oscillatory shear stress correlates with development of atherosclerosis and neointimal hyperplasia. The effects of orbital and laminar shear stress on EC morphology, proliferation, and apoptosis were compared. METHODS ECs were exposed to orbital shear stress with an orbital shaker...

Background—Atherosclerotic lesions are predominantly observed in curved arteries and near side branches, where low or oscillatory shear stress patterns occur, suggesting a causal connection. However, the effect of shear stress on plaque vulnerability is unknown because the lack of an appropriate in vivo model precludes cause-effect studies. Methods and Results—We developed a perivascular shear ...

Under the proper orientations and excitations, the transverse output of rotationally symmetric four-contact van der Pauw (VDP) stress sensors depends upon only the in-plane shear stress or the difference of the in-plane normal stresses on (100) silicon. In bridgemode, each sensor requires only one four-wire measurement and produces an output voltage with a sensitivity that is 3.16 times that of...

Direct numerical simulations of wall-bounded flow reveal that turbulence production can be suppressed by a transverse traveling wave. Flow visualizations show that the near-wall streaks are eliminated, in contrast to other turbulence-control techniques, leading to a large shear stress reduction. The traveling wave can be induced by a spanwise force that is confined within the viscous sublayer; ...

It has been hypothesized that myofiber orientation adapts to achieve a preferred mechanical loading state in the myocardial tissue. Earlier studies tested this hypothesis in a combined model of left ventricular (LV) mechanics and remodeling of myofiber orientation in response to fiber cross-fiber shear, assuming synchronous timing of activation and uniaxial active stress development. Difference...

In this investigation, a mathematical model for studying oscillatory flow of blood in a stenosed artery under the influence of transverse magnetic field through porous medium has been developed. The equations of motion of blood flow are solved analytically. The analytical expressions for axial velocity, volumetric flow rate, pressure gradient, resistance to blood flow and shear stress have been...

We investigate the problem of free convection heat transfer near an isothermal stretching sheet. This has been done under the simultaneous action of buoyancy, radiation, and transverse magnetic field. The governing equations are solved by the shooting method. The velocity and temperature functions are represented graphically for various values of the flow parameters: radiation parameter F, free...

The elastic properties of the unconsolidated materials which cover most of the earth are, in general, unknown. In this paper, an attempt was made to measure, in the field, the shear and compressional wave velocities, with the emphasis on those for shear waves. For this purpose,'a simple source was devised which produced fairly pure shear waves. A portable refraction seismograph of standard desi...