Although antipsychotics have been available for almost 70 years and greatly improved outcomes individuals with schizophrenia, all currently options derive their efficacy from blockade of dopaminergic receptors. However, this mechanism action leaves many symptoms unresolved is associated a significant side effect burden. The mechanisms underlying which were initially thought to be related excess...

During 2020, COVID-19 or CoV2-SARS dominated the public and medical community's discourse, thus prompting a preponderance of COVID-driven research. Despite many resulting studies, few new insights emerged regarding blood components treatments, focus this chapter. The pandemic led to resurgence interest in convalescent plasma and, by extension, freeze-dried as treatment options for Coronavirus. ...

Scoliosis is an abnormal curvature of the spine, which generally develops during childhood or adolescence. It affects 2–4 percent global population and more prevalent among girls. classified by its etiology: idiopathic, congenital, neuromuscular. Among these, former most common. Treatment options for scoliosis vary depending on severity curve. Most diagnoses tend to be mild only require monitor...

Fueled by chips, cookies, and other high-calorie snacks, our expanding waistlines pose a hefty problem. The World Health Organization dubbed obesity a global health epidemic in 2003. As of 2015, one-third of adults in the U.S. are obese, and an additional one-third are overweight. As obesity rates soar, so do their associated health problems, which include diabetes, heart disease, and more. Wit...

Numerous dietary treatments that purport to promote something unique for stimulating weight loss have been published. These treatments include fad diets, diets formulated by various commercial slimming clubs, very-low-energy diets (VLCD) and conventional diets. Fad diets may possibly reduce some weight short-term; however, there is no scientific basis to their long-term use. Commercial slimming...

There are hundreds if not thousands topical skin rejuvenation treatments on the market, from wrinkle creams to eye serums to lifting gels. If all of them worked as advertised, anyone with a bit of extra cash could have a skin of a fifteen year old. In reality, relatively few topical agents are clinically proven to improve wrinkles and other signs of skin aging. Others are supported by some posi...

In 2009, approximately 12.5 million cosmetic surgical (eg, breast augmentation, rhinoplasty) and minimally invasive procedures, (eg, Botox injections and chemical peels) were performed in the United States.1 The number of cosmetic procedures performed in the United States has increased by more than 60% since 2000.1 As these statistics suggest, cosmetic procedures are popular. Numerous theoretic...