A shoe was designed to combine the advantages of a reverse shoe and an adjustable heart bar shoe in the treatment of chronic laminitis. This reverse even frog pressure (REFP) shoe applies pressure uniformly over a large area of the frog solar surface. Pressure is applied vertically upward parallel to the solar surface of the frog and can be increased or decreased as required. Five clinically he...

The effects of sudden cooling of the spinal cord were studied in three species of amphibians--a cold-sensitive tropical toad (Bufo marinus), a cold-resistant, aquatic, hibernating frog (Rana pipiens, northern leopard frog) and a freeze-tolerant frog (Rana sylvatica, wood frog). Ventral root (motoneuron) potentials were recorded from isolated, hemisected spinal cords of each species mounted in a...

An increasing number of species are establishing populations outside their native ranges, often with negative ecological and economic impacts. The detection surveillance invasive presents a huge logistical challenge, given the large spatial regions in which new can appear. However, data collected through citizen science projects increasingly recognised as valuable source for monitoring species....