in order to investigate efficacy of the integrated weed management in cotton fields, three experiments were carried out in three cotton growing areas of iran, including varamin, khorasan, fars in 2006. these experiments were conducted in randomized complete block design with 13 treatments and 4 replications. one of the pre plant soil mixtured herbicides (trifluralin 48% ec and ethalfluralin 33....

the most used quechers and gas chromatography methods were performed, to evaluate the presence of organochlorines, organophosphate, polychlorinated biphenyl and chlorobenzenes in water and in fish. according to the standard iso iec 17025, a recovery rate obtained ranged from 70 to 120% assessing the reliability of analysis results. the exceed rate in fish of malathion is 22.2, and 5.2 ppm in sa...

this experiment was carried out at the research farm of faculty of agriculture, university of zanjan in spring of 2012 to introduce an integrated weed management method in fennel. treatments were type of herbicide (trifluralin and pendimethalin), application dose (recommend dose in other crop (r), 75 percent r, 50 percent r, and 0 percent r) and supplemental control (none, one hand-weeding at 5...

in order to investigate chemical control of weeds in nursery of orange coneflower and moss rose two experiments were conducted in randomized complete block design (rcbd) with four replications in 2011. treatments were per-plant trifluralin (ec48 percent) with and without incorporation with soil at 0.2 and 0.3 ml/m2, per-emergence and post-emergence oxyfluorfen (ec24 percent) at 0.2 and 0.3 ml/m...

Five herbicides commonly used in rapeseed crop, canola (Brassica napus var Olifera) fields in Iran were studied with an eye to their antifungal activities against six isolates of Trichoderma species and also the phytopathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The doses tested were the same as are recommended for applications in canola crops. The results showed that the dinitro aniline herbicid...

Pesticides were detected regularly, but not always, in wetlands from all land uses across the entire study area, although individual sites typically contained only one or two pesticides. Herbicides were the dominant pesticides detected, as would be expected given their widespread use for controlling weeds in cropland landscapes. Fungicides and insecticides were detected much less frequently, li...

Adsorption of organic cations on several clay minerals is reviewed with an emphasis on the effect of ionic strength and modeling. The clay exchanged with suitable organic cations forms a basis for ecologically acceptable formulations of herbicides with reduced leaching, ground water contamination and enhanced weed control efficacy. Incomplete neutralization of the clay surface charge by an orga...