Efflux transporters expressed in the apical membrane of intestinal enterocytes have been implicated in drug oral absorption. The current study presents a strategy and tools to quantitatively predict the impact of efflux on oral absorption for new chemical entities (NCEs) in early drug discovery. Sixty-three marketed drugs with human absorption data were evaluated in the Caco-2 bidirectional per...

BACKGROUND The transient symptoms with lacunar infarction (TSI) and persistent symptoms with lacunar infarction (PSI) are the most common forms of symptomatic lacunar infarction (LI). The aim of this study was to compare the differences in TSI and PSI of symptomatic LI. METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted in the neurologic outpatients of the tertiary teaching hospital in Northern...

In the present study, a trophic structure model for some fish species of the northern Oman Sea is developed through using mass balance modeling software, Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE). In this model, we simulated 16 functional groups spread across an area of 3998.20 km2 from 2017 to 2018. Mean trophic level in the area of the present study was 3.49. Values calculated for system omnivory and connect...

Decreased total testosterone (TT) is the recommended metric to identify age-related hypogonadism. However, average TT and the extent to which it varies by age, can vary substantially among different populations. Population-specific reference ranges are needed to understand normal versus abnormal TT levels. Therefore, the goal for this study was to describe androgen concentrations and their corr...

Purpose It is still equivocal whether oxygen uptake recovery kinetics are limited by oxygen delivery and can be improved by supplementary oxygen. The present study aimed to investigate whether measurements of muscle and pulmonary oxygen uptake kinetics can be used to assess oxygen delivery limitations in healthy subjects. Methods Sixteen healthy young adults performed three sub-maximal exerci...

The worldwide crisis of fisheries, which are usually managed on a single species basis, has led to calls for ‘ecosystem management’, along with he development of various ecosystem indicators. The Marine Trophic Index (MTI) and the related Fishing-in-Balance (FiB) index are two such ndicators, which can be used to draw inferences on the sustainability of fisheries, notably those targeting high-t...

Limnological features of two reservoirs were studied in dry (August 2013) and rainy (January 2014) periods to evaluate the water quality that supply the city of Guarulhos, southeast Brazil. Water samples were collected in three depths and the following characteristics were measured: alkalinity, dissolved O2, free and total CO2, HCO3, soluble reactive silica, dissolved and total nitrogen and pho...

Efficient querying XML documents is an increasingly important issue considering the fact that XML becomes the de facto standard for data representation and exchange over the Web, and XML data in diverse data sources and applications is growing rapidly in size. Given the importance of XPath based query access, Grust proposed R-tree index, we refer to as whole-tree indexes (WI). Such index, howev...