نتایج جستجو برای: troposphere interaction
تعداد نتایج: 570676 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
Thermal infrared (IR) radiances measured near 8 microns contain information about the vertical distribution of water vapor (H2O), the water isotopologue HDO, and methane (CH4), key gases in the water and carbon cycles. Previous versions (Version 4 or less) of the TES profile retrieval algorithm used a “spectral-window” approach to minimize uncertainty from interfering species at the expense of ...
Oxidized mercury (Hg(II)) is chemically produced in the atmosphere by oxidation of elemental mercury and is directly emitted by anthropogenic activities. We use the GEOS-Chem global chemical transport model, with gaseous oxidation driven by Br atoms, to quantify how surface deposition of Hg(II) is influenced by Hg(II) production at different atmospheric heights. We tag Hg(II) chemically produce...
Eddy length scales, eddy velocity scales, and the amplitude of eddy fluxes in the mid-latitude troposphere are discussed, primarily from the qualitative perspective provided by studies of quasi-geostrophic turbulence. The utility of a diffusive picture for the near surface poleward flux of heat is emphasized, as is the extent to which a full closure theory for the troposphere, including the int...
Impact of reactive bromine chemistry in the troposphere R. von Glasow , R. von Kuhlmann, M. G. Lawrence, U. Platt, and P. J. Crutzen 3 Institute for Environmental Physics, Universität Heidelberg, Germany Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, USA Atmospheric Chemistry Division, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Mainz, Germany Rec...
Is there a significant difference between modelled and observed amplification of surface trends in the tropical troposphere
radiation input from the sun is the source of energy for the earth’s climate system (hartmann, 1994). most of the solar radiation absorbed at the surface, the rest is absorbed by the atmosphere. the global temperature profile of the atmosphere reflects a balance between the radiative, convective, and dynamical heating/cooling of the surface-atmosphere system. understanding of the climate change...
The troposphere blind model RTCA MOPS is the minimum operational performance standard for global positioning systems. With a standard deviation of 2.3% of the ZTD, it enables us to mitigate the main part of the tropospheric effect on GNSS signals. Nevertheless, the comparison of RTCA MOPS with modern troposphere models like the ESA model or GPT2 shows the limitation of RTCA MOPS and points out ...
Abstract The Kuroshio Extension (KE) system has been observed to experience a decadal cycle between dynamically stable and unstable states. However, divergent conclusions on its interaction with the atmosphere obfuscate understanding of oscillatory nature at preferred time scale. Here, using satellite observations ERA-Interim reanalysis in 2002–16, physical process-oriented diagnoses suggest th...
Results from a global climate model including an interactive parameterization of stratospheric chemistry show how upper stratospheric ozone changes may amplify observed, 11-year solar cycle irradiance changes to affect climate. In the model, circulation changes initially induced in the stratosphere subsequently penetrate into the troposphere, demonstrating the importance of the dynamical coupli...
The Mediterranean Intensive Oxidant Study, performed in the summer of 2001, uncovered air pollution layers from the surface to an altitude of 15 kilometers. In the boundary layer, air pollution standards are exceeded throughout the region, caused by West and East European pollution from the north. Aerosol particles also reduce solar radiation penetration to the surface, which can suppress preci...
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