Positive plant–animal interactions are important in community ecology, but relatively little attention has been paid to their eVect on the production of mangroves, dominant halophytic trees in tropical coastal marshes. Here, the role of Wddler crab (Uca spp.) burrowing on the growth and production of the white mangrove, Laguncularia racemosa (<2 years old), was examined in a restored marsh in T...

PURPOSE To describe a revised formula for the estimation of retinal trunk arteriole widths from their respective arteriolar branch widths that improves the summarizing of retinal arteriolar diameters. METHODS A group of young, healthy individuals underwent retinal photography and arteriolar and venular branching points were identified. Vessel widths of the vessel trunks and their branches wer...

The vertical distribution of the cross-sectional area increment lower trunk in aged Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) trees was analyzed using annual ring data from disks. We collected three approximately 90-year-old mature plantations under different density management and old-growth stands 160 years or more. Of nine sample thinning experiment plots, only had significantly higher increments at a rel...

Variation in xylem vessel diameter is one of the most important parameters when evaluating plant water relations. This review provides a synthesis of the ecophysiological implications of variation in lumen diameter together with a summary of our current understanding of vessel development and its endogenous regulation. We analyzed inter-specific variation of the mean hydraulic vessel diameter (...

abstract the aim of this study was to eliminate zn deficiency and increasing yield in grapevine (vitis vinifera l) cv, askari، via trunk injection method. the experiment was carried out in the cisakht region; in randomize complete blocks design with four treatments and four replications. treatments included of zinc trunk injection in concentration 0.15, 0.3 and 0.5% amount of 500 cc was injecte...

This research was carried out for evaluating phenotypic diversity and traits correlation in 60 almond genotypes and cultivars in nursery conditions. After preparation land and the bitter seeds of Shahroud22 genotype as seedling rootstocks planted in the autumn 2005. After the seed germination in the spring of the next year, the results of recorded data in 3rd may of 2006 showed that the planted...