Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF- β1) and thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) are hypoxia-responsive mitogens that promote vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation, a critical event in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH). We previously demonstrated that hypoxia-induced human pulmonary artery smooth muscle (HPASMC) cell proliferation and expression of the NADPH oxidase subunit, Nox4, w...

BACKGROUND Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is involved in many biological processes, including immune and tissue injury response, but its role in sepsis is unknown. Cell surface expression of TSP-1 on platelets is increased in sepsis and could activate the anti-inflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ1) affecting outcome. Because of these observations we sought to determine the impo...

A long standing conjecture says that the integrality ratio of the subtour LP for metric TSP is 4/3. A well known family of graphic TSP instances achieves this lower bound asymptotically. For Euclidean TSP the best known lower bound on the integrality ratio was 8/7. We improve this value by presenting a family of Euclidean TSP instances for which the integrality ratio of the subtour LP converges...

This paper presents the literature survey review of Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP). TSP belongs to the category of NP-hard problems. A various number of methods have been designed to solve this problem. Genetic Algorithm is one of the best methods which is used to solve various NP-hard problem such as TSP. The natural evolution process is always used by genetic Algorithm to solve the problem...

Immunocytochemical localization of thrombospondin (TSP), a trimeric glycoprotein constituent of extracellular matrices, produced striking regional and temporal patterns of distribution in the developing mouse embryo. TSP was present in many basement membranes, surrounded epithelial cells, and was associated with peripheral nerve outgrowth. During organogenesis, TSP was also found on the surface...

We studied binding and degradation of labeled platelet thrombospondin (TSP) by normal and variant bovine aorta endothelial (BAE) cells. [125I]-labeled TSP bound to cells at 37 degrees C in a specific, saturable, and time-dependent fashion. Incubation of cell monolayers with fluoresceinated TSP resulted in punctate cellular staining, but no staining of the extracellular matrix. Heparin, fucoidan...

Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is a large matricellular glycoprotein known to be overexpressed within tumor stroma in several cancer types. While mainly considered as an endogenous angiogenesis inhibitor, TSP-1 exhibits multifaceted functionalities in a tumor context depending both on TSP-1 concentration as well as differential receptor expression by cancer cells and on tumor-associated stromal cells...

Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is an extracellular glycoprotein that plays a role in neoplasia, cell growth, and differentiation. We have examined the regulation of TSP-1 mRNA in cells expressing the v-src oncogene. Rat1 fibroblasts constitutively transformed by v-src expressed TSP-1 mRNA at levels that were 10- to 50-fold lower than those observed in parental, vector-transfected control cells. To an...

We recently identified thrombospondin-2 (TSP-2) as an endogenous regulator of matrix remodelling and inflammation in experimental kidney disease by studying TSP-2-deficient mice. In this study, we asked whether systemic TSP-2 overexpression via thigh muscle transfection is able to ameliorate the time course of the anti-Thy1 glomerulonephritis model. After induction of anti-Thy1 nephritis, rats ...

Human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is a chronic progressive myelopathy characterized by bilateral pyramidal tract involvement with sphincteric disturbances. The primary neuropathological feature of HAM/TSP is chronic myelitis characterized by perivascular cuffing and parenchymal infiltration of lymphocytes. Although the exact ...