Many of the world’s active volcanoes are situated on or near coastlines. During eruptions, diverse geophysical mass flows, including pyroclastic flows, debris avalanches, and lahars, can deliver large volumes of unconsolidated debris to the ocean in a short period of time and thereby generate tsunamis. Deposits of both hot and cold volcanic mass flows produced by eruptions of Aleutian arc volca...

Geochemical discrimination has recently been recognised as a potentially useful proxy for identifying tsunami deposits in addition to classical proxies such as sedimentological and micropalaeontological evidence. However, difficulties remain because it is unclear which elements best discriminate between tsunami and non-tsunami deposits. Herein, we propose a mathematical methodology for the geoc...

Tsunami is one of the serious natural disasters in coastal areas. Tsunami waves produce huge horizontal thrust on costal buildings, resulting in a large number of houses collapsed instantaneously, causing serious casualties and economic losses. Based on a reinforced concrete frame structure under different conditions of tsunami effect analysis, this paper clarified the calculation method of tsu...

This paper presents a methodology for probabilistic hazard assessment for the multihazard seismic and tsunami phenomena [probabilistic seismic and tsunami hazard analysis (PSTHA)]. For this work, a full-rupture event along the Cascadia subduction zone is considered and the methodology is applied to a study area of Seaside, Oregon, which is located on the US Pacific Northwest coast. In this work...

For the testing of the effect on the tsunami prevention facilities, a simplified method for tsunami risk assessment was suggested without wave run-up analysis. This method is proposed using calculated offshore tsunami waveform and field reconnaissance such as the seawall height, time necessary for residents’ evacuation and tsunami warning insurance. Then, two normalized values are evaluated; on...

Since nuclear power plants in Japan are located on the seashore, it is also required to ensure sufficient safety against tsunamis and high tidal waves. The Examination Guide for Seismic Design of Nuclear Power Reactor Facilities revised by the Nuclear Safety Commission in 2006 refers to safety consideration of tsunamis and landslide of slopes around site as accompanying phenomena of earthquake ...

Abstract We investigate the oceanic and ionospheric response in New Caledonia‐New Zealand Chile‐Argentina to 15 January 2022 Hunga‐Tonga volcanic eruption. For first time, we highlight a reversed oceans ionosphere terms of amplitudes. The sea‐surface fluctuations due passage atmospheric Lamb wave (i.e., air‐sea wave) were not remarkable while related perturbation was considerable. Reversely, er...

Cumbre Vieja volcano, located in La Palma Island (Canary Islands, Spain), erupted on 19 September 2021. Some papers have been published the past which tsunamis generated by a potential massive landslide due to collapse of one volcano flanks are investigated. However, slide lava flow down island slope has not considered yet. A numerical model applied simulate propagation tsunami such and assess ...

Fragility functions, as new measures for estimating structural damage and casualties due to tsunami attack, are developed by an integrated approach using numerical modeling of tsunami inundation and GIS analysis of post-tsunami survey data of the 2004 Sumatra– Andaman earthquake tsunami disaster, obtained from Banda Aceh, Indonesia. The fragility functions are expressed as the damage probabilit...

Tsunamis are caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a sea. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions, landslides, glacier calvings, meteorite impacts and other disturbances above or below water have the potential to generate a tsunami. The coastal areas of Kollam district, the present study area was seriously affected by the catastr...