The tumor microenvironment (TME) mediates immunosuppression resulting in tumor cell escape from immune surveillance and cancer vaccine failure. Immunosuppression is mediated by the STAT-3 transcription factor, which potentiates signaling in tumor and immune cells. Because immunosuppression continues to be a major inhibitor of cancer vaccine efficacy, we examined in this study whether therapeuti...

Melanoma patients have high frequencies of T cells directed against antigens of their tumor. The frequency of these antitumor T cells in the blood is usually well above that of the anti-vaccine T cells observed after vaccination with tumor antigens. In a patient vaccinated with a MAGE-3 antigen presented by HLA-A1, we measured the frequencies of anti-vaccine and antitumor T cells in several met...

DNA vaccine encoding tumor associated antigens (TAAs) is an attractive strategy for tumor vaccine development. But its efficacy to induce efficient anti-tumor immunity needs to be improved. In this study, we combined immunization with such a plasmid at the ear pinna site (i.e.) with co-immunization with another plasmid (pHN) encoding the Hemaglutinin-Neuraminidase (HN) protein of the NDV virus ...

Canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT) is a naturally occurring tumor that can be transmitted between dogs via live tumor cell inoculation. It is also a spontaneous self-regression tumor and its behavior is closely related to host immune responses. Since CTVT had been widely used for tumor models in canine cancers, whether this self-regression may overtake the immunity elicited from an exog...

Whole tumor cell vaccines have been widely studied and elicits limited immune responses because of the poor immunogenicity. In the present study, we discovered that high-frequency administration of irradiated whole tumor cell vaccine triggered rejection of tumor cells (90% or 100% of the mice that were vaccinated with irradiated H22 cells or S180 respectively were protected), and provided cross...

Many vaccines are dependent on adjuvants to augment the immunizing process. The vaccines being developed for active specific immunotherapy of cancer have also usually included an adjuvant in the clinical studies. Several cytokines have been identified which are participants in the immune response to new antigenic stimulation. We investigated the potential of intcrleukin 1 (IL-1 ) to serve as an...

Only properly mature dendritic cells (DCs) in the presence of tumor antigens accomplish to activate all of the elements of the immune network and have the potential to induce tumor-specific effectors and memory T cells. In the current study, we firstly aimed to investigate the in vivo maturation of antigen presenting cells (APCs) at the molecular level by following the expression of CD11c, CD86...

BACKGROUND Our previous studies have demonstrated that autophagosome-enriched vaccine (named DRibbles: DRiPs-containing blebs) induce a potent anti-tumor efficacy in different murine tumor models, in which DRibble-containing ubiquitinated proteins are efficient tumor-specific antigen source for the cross-presentation after being loaded onto dendritic cells. In this study, we sought to detect wh...

Overexpressed tumor-self antigens represent the largest group of candidate vaccine targets. Those exhibiting a role in oncogenesis may be some of the least studied but perhaps most promising. This review considers this subset of self antigens by highlighting vaccine efforts for some of the better known members and focusing on TPD52, a new promising vaccine target. We shed light on the importanc...

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common cancer in Southern China and EBV is the most important pathogenesis. In this study, we explore the potential that a recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) carrying a fusing gene containing heat shock protein as an adjuvant, EBV latent membrane proteins (LMP1 and LMP2) CTL epitope DNA as a vaccine prevents NPC. The tumor vaccine was devised by constr...