The endocochlear potential (EP) is essential to hearing, because it provides approximately half of the driving force for the mechanoelectrical transduction current in auditory hair cells. The EP is produced by the stria vascularis (SV), a vascularized bilayer epithelium of the cochlea lateral wall. The absence of the gap junction protein connexin30 (Cx30) in Cx30(-/-) mice results in the SV fai...

Little is known about the impact of the total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) on resting and exercise hemodynamics in a single ventricle (SV) circulation. The aim of this study was to elucidate this mechanism using a lumped parameter model of the SV circulation. Pulmonary vascular resistance (1.96+/-0.80 WU) and systemic vascular resistances (18.4+/-7.2 WU) were obtained from catheterization da...

Meridional ocean freshwater transports and convergences are calculated from absolute geostrophic velocities and Ekman transports. The freshwater transports are analyzed in terms of mass-balanced contributions from the shallow, ventilated circulation of the subtropical gyres, intermediate and deep water overturns, and Indonesian Throughflow and Bering Strait components. The following are the maj...

The integral synaptic vesicle (SV) protein synaptophysin forms 10% of total SV protein content, but has no known function in SV physiology. Synaptobrevin (sybII) is another abundant integral SV protein with an essential role in SV exocytosis. Synaptophysin and sybII form a complex in nerve terminals, suggesting this interaction may have a key role in presynaptic function. To determine how synap...

The aim of the present work was to study the influence of changes in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) on beat-to-beat variability (short term variability, SV) of action potential duration (APD) in isolated canine ventricular cardiomyocytes. Series of action potentials were recorded from enzymatically isolated canine ventricular cells using conventional microelectrode technique. D...

Neural networks engaged in high-frequency activity rely on sustained synaptic vesicle recycling and coordinated recruitment from functionally distinct synaptic vesicle (SV) pools. However, the molecular pathways matching neural activity to SV dynamics and release requirements remain unclear. Here we identify unique roles of SNARE-binding Tomosyn1 (Tomo1) proteins as activity-dependent substrate...

We introduce a new class of time-varying parameter vector autoregressions (TVP-VARs) where the identified structural innovations are allowed to influence dynamics coefficients in these models. An estimation algorithm and parametrization conducive model comparison also provided. apply our framework US economy. Scenario analysis suggests that, once accounting for shocks on autoregressive coeffici...

We investigated the connectedness of returns and volatility clean energy stock, technology crude oil, natural gas, investor sentiment based on time-varying parameter vector autoregressive (TVP-VAR) approach. The empirical results indicate that average total is higher in system than return system. has a weak impact stock. Our show dynamic across assets varies with time. Furthermore, increases si...

Axonal transport of synaptic vesicles (SVs) is a KIF1A/UNC-104 mediated process critical for synapse development and maintenance yet little is known of how SV transport is regulated. Using C. elegans as an in vivo model, we identified SAM-4 as a novel conserved vesicular component regulating SV transport. Processivity, but not velocity, of SV transport was reduced in sam-4 mutants. sam-4 displa...

Synaptic vesicles (SVs) are key structures for synaptic transmission in neurons. Numerous membrane-associated proteins are sorted from the Golgi complex to the axon and the presynaptic terminal. Protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions are involved with SV targeting in neurons. Interestingly, many SV proteins have lipid binding capability, primarily with either cholesterol or phosphoinosi...