CONCLUSIONS The characteristic features of the Hh specimen conformed to those of other Pleistocene human fossils, indicating strong cranial structures and a heavy mandible. The mastoid was large and suggested a powerful sternocleidomastoid muscle. The inner ear and tympanic cavities were similar in size and orientation, suggesting that their functions were probably similar. Our observations sug...

Monitoring patients' temperatures is an important aspect of clinical nursing. In surgical areas, we rely on accurate temperature readings to determine appropriate therapy. Various body sites have been used for temperature measurement: oral, axillary, rectal, and tympanic. Oral temperature readings have long been considered the gold standard. However, oral temperature readings may be contraindic...

the making of ear mould for hearing aids is generally considered to be a safe process. however, there are a few reported cases of complications caused during mould making. we report the case of a man with 69 years age, where the process of making the mould for a hearing aid led to the perforation of the tympanic membrane and pouring of mould material into the middle ear, necessitating surgical ...

To understand the neurochemical mechanisms underlying the vestibular compensation, we determined the levels of amino acids such as aspartate, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, taurine, alanine in the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) following unilateral labyrinthectomy (UL), by using in vivo brain microdialysis and high-performance liquid chromatography technique. Rats were pretreated by infusing 2...

OBJECTIVES To quantitatively analyzing the anatomic variants on temporal computed tomography (CT) in congenital external auditory canal stenosis (EACS), congenital aural atresia (CAA), and normal ear structure. METHODS Through a retrospective study, we analyzed 142 temporal high-resolution CT studies performed in 71 microtia patients. The following 6 parameters were compared among the three g...

The main function of the middle ear is well-known. It serves as a mechanical transformer, designed for transmission of acoustic energy from the external air to the cochlea fluids. In the absence of such energy transformer of the vibrational motion of air particles will be reflected at the on the border with the labyrinth fluid. The appearance of the corresponding mechanical amplification leads ...

INTRODUCTION Etiopathogenetically, there are two types of chollesteatomas: congenital, and acquired. Numerous theories in the literature try to explain the nature of the disease, however, the question about cholesteatomas remain still unanswered. The aim of the study was to present a case of external ear canal cholesteatoma (EEC) developed following microsurgery (ventilation tube insertion and ...

IN the Journal of Anatomy and Physiology (xlvii., p. 391), I published a short paper on the " Comparative Anatomy of the Middle Ear." Among other subjects in that paper, I demonstrated the existence of a large plexus of nerves on the posterior surface of the tympanic bulla in several mammals of different orders. On account of its anatomical position, I named the structure the bullar plexus. The...

Pluralistic approaches to taxonomy facilitate a more complete appraisal of biodiversity, especially the diversification of cryptic species. Although species delimitation has traditionally been based primarily on morphological differences, the integration of new methods allows diverse lines of evidence to solve the problem. Robber frogs (Pristimantis) are exemplary, as many of the species show h...

OBJECTIVE To observe and compare the Tympanic Temperature (TT) readings with the Oral Mercury Thermometer (OMT) in an OPD setting. STUDY DESIGN Observational comparative study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY The Outpatient Department, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, from June to September 2008. METHODOLOGY By consecutive sampling, 2000 OPD patients were included in the study. Both t...