Background: GAI and MPSIIIB are two rare genetic disorders caused by pathogenic variants in two different genes. Here, we report a coexistence of these two different rare disorders in an individual. Methods: A four-year-old Iranian boy born to first-cousin parents suspected to have MPSIIIB and/or GAI was investigated in this study. Targeted genomic enrichment and NGS were used to examine genes ...

This study was conducted at NASA Ames Research Center as a part of a larger research project assessing the impact of captain's personality on crew performance and perceived stress in 24 air transport crews (5). Three different personality types for captains were classified based on a previous cluster analysis (3). Crews were comprised of three crewmembers: captain, first officer, and second off...

Dispersal is a fundamental life-history trait for many ecological processes. Recent studies suggest that dispersers, in comparison to residents, display various phenotypic specializations increasing their dispersal inclination or success. Among them, dispersers are believed to be consistently more bold, exploratory, asocial or aggressive than residents. These links between behavioural types and...

We introduce simple object calculi that support method override and object subsumption. We give an untyped calculus, typing rules, and equational rules. We illustrate the expressiveness of our calculi and the pitfalls that we avoid.

One aspect of animal personality that has been well described in captivity, but received only little attention in studies in the wild, is that personality types may vary in their behavioural flexibility towards environmental changes. A fundamental factor underlying such differences is believed to be the degree to which individual behavior is guided by environmental stimuli. We tested this hypot...

Circular permutations usually retain the native structure and function of a protein while inevitably perturbing its folding dynamics. By using simulations with a structure-based model and a rigorous methodology to determine free-energy surfaces from trajectories, we evaluate the effect of a circular permutation on the free-energy landscape of the protein T4 lysozyme. We observe changes which, a...

Methods that do not require animal sacrifice to detect botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are critical for BoNT antagonist discovery and the advancement of quantitative assays for biodefense and pharmaceutical applications. Here we describe the development and optimization of fluorogenic reporters that detect the proteolytic activity of BoNT/A, B, D, E, F, and G serotypes in real time with femtomola...