PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate dental arch dimensions and to classify arch shape in Korean young adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample included 50 Koreans with age ranging from 24 to 32 years. Maxillary and mandibular casts were fabricated using irreversible hydrocolloid and type III dental stones. Incisor-canine distance, incisor-1st molar distance, incisor-2nd molar dis...

An algorithm for identiication of unknown parameters of a Landau-Devonshire model describing phase transitions in shape memory alloys 1] is proposed. Distributions of the displacement and of the temperature observed with an error are input data of the algorithm. Finite element approximations of the input data and of the model are used. The algorithm utilizes the idea of the direct minimization ...

Recently, economists and behavioral scientists have studied the pattern of human well-being over the lifespan. In dozens of countries, and for a large range of well-being measures, including happiness and mental health, well-being is high in youth, falls to a nadir in midlife, and rises again in old age. The reasons for this U-shape are still unclear. Present theories emphasize sociological and...

Assembly line balancing is a very important issue in mass production systems due to production cost. Although many studies have been done on this topic, but because assembly line balancing problems are so complex they are categorized as NP-hard problems and researchers strongly recommend using heuristic methods. This paper presents a new heuristic approach called the critical task method (CTM) ...

We study the transient dynamics of single species reaction diffusion systems whose reaction terms f(u) vary nonlinearly near u ≈ 0, specifically as f(u) ≈ u and f(u) ≈ u. We consider three cases, calculate their traveling wave fronts and speeds analytically and solve the equations numerically with different initial conditions to study the approach to the asymptotic front shape and speed. Observ...

Abstract The applications of lightweight planar parallel robotic manipulators are increasing enormously because its various desirable characteristics such as low weight, lower inertia and higher stiffness. Higher accelerations accuracies can be achieved in manipulators. Also, shape memory alloy restoration technique (SMART)-based linear actuators replacing huge bulky actuators. This study prese...

We report the synthesis and DSSCs of oligothiophenes with two anchoring groups that can adopt V- U-shape conformations.

A simple model for addition spectra in quantum dots is proposed and studied. It is an extension of the standard charging model which assumes that the charge spreads uniformely over the entire dot. The proposed model attempts to account for a nonuniform distribution of the charge, by introducing an extra parameter U . When U increases, the distribution of the conductance peak spacings changes fr...

We prove an equation conjectured by Okada regarding hook-lengths of partitions, namely that 1 n! ∑ λ⊢n f λ ∑ u∈λ r ∏ i=1 (hu − i) = 1 2(r + 1)2 ( 2r r )( 2r + 2 r + 1 ) r ∏ j=0 (n− j), where fλ is the number of standard Young tableaux of shape λ and hu is the hook length of the square u of λ. We also obtain other similar formulas.