Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a malignant brain tumor with characteristics of strong aggressiveness which depend on vigorous microvascular supply. Vasculogenic mimicry (VM), a new microvascular circulation not involving endothelial cells, is reported as one part of the vascularization of GBM. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), mostly present as immunosuppressive M2 phenotype in GBM, are we...

Introduction Afatinib exhibits a tumor-inhibiting effect in different cancers by inducing apoptosis; however, its pro-apoptosis role glioma cells is still not fully understood. Material and methods In the current study, two cell lines (U373-MG U87-MG) were treated with afatinib to measure their tolerance for afatinib-triggered death apoptosis. Results We found that treatment repressed both grow...

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world. Despite advances in the diagnosis and treatment, overall survival of patients still remains poor. Hence, there is an urgent need for development of new anticancer agents. Considering promising biological activity of 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives, in the present study, synthesis and cytotoxicity assessment of new derivatives of this ring ...

PURPOSE Emerging studies show that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have important roles in carcinogenesis. This study investigated the role of lncRNA highly upregulated in liver cancer (HULC) expression in glioma and its clinical significance in glioma patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS HULC expression was detected in glioma tissues and cell lines by using real-time quantitative reverse transcript...

BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme, a World Health Organization grade IV glioma, has a poor prognosis in humans despite current treatment options. Here, we present magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data regarding the regression of aggressive rat F98 gliomas and human U87 glioma xenografts after treatment with the nitrone compound OKN-007, a disulfonyl derivative of α-phenyl-tert-butyl nitrone. ...

Malignant gliomas have poor prognosis and urgently require new therapies. Activating Transcription Factor 5 (ATF5) is highly expressed in gliomas, and interference with its expression/function precipitates targeted glioma cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. We designed a novel deliverable truncated-dominant-negative (d/n) form of ATF5 fused to a cell-penetrating domain (Pen-d/n-ATF5-RP) that c...

Glioblastomas exploit various molecular pathways to promote glutamate- dependent growth by activating the AMPA (2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-yl) propanoic acid) receptor, the group II metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR, and the epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR. We hypothesized that targeting more than one of these pathways would be more effective in inhibiting glutamate-de...

Recent evidence suggests silicon dioxide micro- and nanoparticles induce cytotoxic effects on lung cells. Thus, there is an increasing concern regarding their potential health hazard. Nevertheless, the putative toxicity of nanoparticles in mammalian cells has not yet been systematically investigated. We previously noted that several metallic oxide nanoparticles exert differential cytotoxic effe...

Two new Drug Delivery Systems (DDS) cyclo[DKP-isoDGR]-PEG-4-Val-Ala-PTX (2) and cyclo[DKP-isoDGR]-PEG-4-sC18-Val-Ala-PTX (3), containing the cyclo[DKP-isoDGR] integrin ligand cytotoxic agent Paclitaxel (PTX), were synthesized to investigate influence of a PEG-4 chain sC18 cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) on cellular uptake cytotoxicity constructs. A “double click-reaction strategy” was planned, r...