As part of the reactor dynamics activities of FZK/IRS, the qualification of a detailed 3D CFD model of a reactor pressure vessel is a key step in safety evaluations for improving predictive capabilities and acceptability of commercial CFD tools in reactor physics. The VVER-1000 Coolant Transient Benchmark, initiated by OECD, represents an excellent opportunity for validation. In this work a CFD...

We developed a photocatalytic solar tower reactor for the elimination of low concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) typically emitted from small industrial establishments. The photocatalytic system can be installed in a narrow space, as the reactor is cylindrical-shaped. The photocatalytic reactor was placed vertically in the center of a cylindrical scattering mirror, and this vert...

Configuration of plasma reactors influences the generation of active species including the energized electrons, active radicals and the distribution of active species in reactor, and thus influences the removal efficiency of pollutants. Oxidation efficiency of elemental mercury (Hg) in two different DBD plasma reactors was studied in this paper. One plasma reactor is a surface discharge reactor...

In this study, a novel continuous reactor has been developed to produce high quality methyl esters (biodiesel) from palm oil. A microporous TiO2/Al2O3 membrane was packed with potassium hydroxide catalyst supported on palm shell activated carbon. The central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to investigate the effects of reaction temperature, catalyst amo...

The Flash Ironmaking Technology being developed at the University of Utah is aimed at producing iron directly from iron oxide concentrate. In this technology, the concentrate is reduced by H2 and CO gas mixtures formed from the partial oxidation of natural gas in a flash reactor. Natural gas represents an economically and environmentally superior reductant/fuel for the flash ironmaking. The rat...

This paper presents a neural network based model predictive control (MPC) strategy to control a strongly exothermic reaction with complicated nonlinear kinetics given by Chylla-Haase polymerization reactor that requires a very precise temperature control to maintain product uniformity. In the benchmark scenario, the operation of the reactor must be guaranteed under various disturbing influences...

Two H-type microbial fuel cells were prepared. The anaerobic chambers were inoculated with rice paddy field soil and fed cellulose as an energy source. In one reactor, the anode and cathode were connected with a wire (closed circuit, CC), while they were not connected in the other reactor (open circuit, OC). The OC reactor actively produced methane. In the CC reactor, however, an electric curre...

A dynamic model has been adapted to a pilot anaerobic reactor fed diary manure. Both steady-state data from online sensors and laboratory analysis and dynamic operational data from online sensors are used in the model adaptation. The model is based on material balances, and comprises four state variables, namely biodegradable volatile solids, volatile fatty acids, acid generating microbes (acid...

In this paper, a new concept of the Reactivity Trace Curve (RTC) for reactor power control is presented. The concept is demonstrated for a reactor model with one group of delayed neutrons, where the reactivity trace curve is simply a closed form exponential solution of the RTC-differential equation identifier. An extended reactor model of multigroup (six groups) of delayed neutrons is discussed...

In early February 2000, primary-to-secondary tube leakage ranging from one to four gallons per day (gpd) was detected in steam generator (SG) No. 24. On February 15, 2000, while the unit was operating at 99% power, SG leakage rapidly increased from 4 gpd to greater than 75 gallons per minute (gpm). The reactor was manually tripped 13 minutes later, and the faulted steam generator was isolated o...