This essay shows that a moral sense or moral sentiments alone cannot identify appropriate morals. To this end, the essay analyzes three defenses of Francis Hutcheson’s, David Hume’s, and Adam Smith’s moral sense theories against the relativism charge that a moral sense or moral sentiments vary across people, societies, cultures, or times. The first defense is the claim that there is a universal...

We show that any non-type I separable unital AF algebra B can be modeled from inside by a nonnuclear C*-algebra and from outside by a nonexact C*-algebra. More precisely there exist unital separable quasidiagonal C*-algebras A B C of real rank zero, stable rank one, such that A is nonnuclear, C is nonexact, and both A and C are asymptotically homotopy equivalent to B. In particular A, B and C h...

One way of improving efficiency of Gentry’s fully homomorphic encryption from ideal lattices is controlling the number of operations, but our recollection is that any scheme which controls the bound has not proposed. In this paper, we propose a key generation algorithm for Gentry’s scheme that controls the bound of the circuit depth by using the relation between the circuit depth and the eigenv...

previous studies involving the ideal observer, the task considered has been that detection where it is assumed that there is complete a priori knowledge of the and of the possible object's shape, amplitude, and position. It is shown that the detection task to include the possibility of an unknown, slowly varying back._ _ ground reduces the importance of the low-frequency components in the image...

The object people perceive in an image can depend on its orientation relative to the scene it is in (its reference frame). For example, the images of the symbols × and + differ by a 45 degree rotation. Although real scenes have multiple images and reference frames, psychologists have focused on scenes with only one reference frame. We propose an ideal observer model based on nonparametric Bayes...

Ultra wideband (UWB) wireless communication has been the subject of extensive research in recent years due to its potential applications and unique capabilities. However, many important aspects of UWB-based communication systems have not yet been thoroughly examined. The area of narrow band communication is well developed. The objective of this paper is to present Ultra Wideband (UWB) communica...