Mobile communication system for underground coal mines is far more behind the one on surface for the unique underground tunnel environment and safety requirements. Though our previous CDMA System V1.0 can solve the problems of coal mine communication well in regular environments, it still remains a challenging issue for emergency handling. In this paper, we propose a novel integrated RFID and s...

Abstract. The site selection procedure for a high-level radioactive waste repository in Germany is based on the Repository Site Selection Act (StandAG, 2017), which comprises three phases. In phase 2, Federal Company Radioactive Waste Disposal (BGE) will conduct surface exploration. Based exploratory findings, further developed preliminary safety analyses, common requirements and criteria, soci...

South Africa is a mineral-rich country with metals such as gold, copper, and platinum group metals being exploited to a significant extent in the country’s mining history. Mining generates large volumes of tailings, with consequent disposal and environmental problems. By far the most gold that has been mined in South Africa (98%) has come from the Witwatersrand goldfields (Messner, 1991). The g...

Cities depend on different ecosystems that provide them with services. In the case of water supply and effluent disposal in Argentine cities, its recognition is still incomplete fragmented. Here presented a first database maps classifies sources destinations all cities >20000 inhabitants (in 2010). Utilizing existing reports, journalistic news satellite information, intake discharge points w...

OBJECTIVES Radon concentrations for 31 Polish underground tourist routes were analyzed. The equivalent dose to the lung, the effective dose and the relative risk were calculated for employees of the analyzed routes on the grounds of information on radon concentrations, work time, etc. MATERIAL AND METHODS The relative risk for lung cancers was calculated using the Biological Effects of Ionizi...

Fatal accidents associated with underground coal mines require the implementation of high-level gas monitoring and miner’s localization approaches to promote underground safety and health. This study introduces a real-time monitoring, event-reporting and early-warning platform, based on cluster analysis for outlier detection, spatiotemporal statistical analysis, and an RSS range-based weighted ...

Wireless underground sensor networks (WUSNs) consist of buried nodes, which are connected to subsurface underground sensors, and use electromagnetic (EM) waves for underground communications. WUSNs are capable of operating in environments where no other computer network has functioned before, and has the potential to provide real-time, robust, and energy efficient sensing, and communication in ...

A review of literature related to fire evacuation in underground transportation systems, e.g., tunnels and subway stations, was carried out with the objectives (1) to identify a theoretical framework that can help understand of human behaviour in the event of a fire in underground transportation systems, (2) to use the theoretical framework to analyse and to identify problems related to fire ev...