Purpose: The drop in photovoltaic energy conversion efficiency under actual operating conditions because of cell temperature increase is a significant challenge to PV adoption and utilization. In this study, the effectiveness using underground water cooling cleaning photovoltaics will be practically ascertained Baghdad-Iraq. Method: mechanism utilizes copper pipes modified spiral flow configura...

In this work, CFD is used to simulate the flow in an existing thermal labyrinth located at the basement of a hospital building. This labyrinth is an underground channel equipped with water tanks to increase the thermal mass and reduce the heating and cooling demand of the building. Thermal energy storage in the water tanks is a complex heat transfer phenomena involving turbulent forced convecti...

A leaking water pipe bursting high pressure water jet in the soil will create slurry erosion which will eventually erode the adjacent natural gas pipe, thus causing its failure. The standard 300 mm safety distance used to place natural gas pipe away from water pipeline facilities needs to be reviewed to consider accidental damage and provide safety cushion to the natural gas pipe. This paper pr...

The Super-Kamiokande experiment, using the world's largest underground water Cherenkov detector, has been running since April 1, 1996. The total live time for the analysis has reached more than 350 days. The latest results on atmospheric neutrinos, solar neutrinos, and related topics are reported. c 1997 by Yoshitaka Itow.