The prediction of ionic currents in protein channels of biological membranes is one of the central problems of computational molecular biophysics. Existing continuum descriptions of ionic permeation fail to capture the rich phenomenology of the permeation process, so it is therefore necessary to resort to particle simulations. Brownian dynamics (BD) simulations require the connection of a small...

In this work, two different catenane based molecular motors were reviewed. These motor molecules consist of two interlocked rings, one of which has binding sites for the other ring. The smaller ring without the binding sites can rotate over the other macrocycle when the affinities of the binding sites are changed. If the rotation is unidirectional the molecule could in principle perform work. I...

In order to achieve a rapid transition electric vehicle driving, highly reliable and easy use charging infrastructure is critical building confidence as consumers shift from using familiar gas vehicles unfamiliar (EV). This study evaluated the functionality of system for 657 EVSE (electric service equipment) CCS connectors (combined system) on all 181 open, public DCFC (direct current fast char...

Electric vehicle (EV) charging represents a relevant electric load with rapid evolution in terms of number, power rating and distortion, particular, considering the connection to low-voltage public grid: available short-circuit may be limited particularly susceptible loads co-exist same grid portion. Standards can partially address problem covering only harmonic interval, but they necessitate s...

We demonstrate unidirectional bistability in microdisk lasers electrically pumped and heterogeneously integrated on SOI. The lasers operate in continuous wave regime at room temperature and are single mode. Integrating a passive distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) on the waveguide to which the microdisk is coupled feeds laser emission back into the laser cavity. This introduces an extra unidirect...

In recent years, the public AC electric vehicle (EV) charging network in United Kingdom (UK) has experienced significant growth, more than doubling size. However, there remains a lack of information regarding usage patterns, which hampers decision-making for future infrastructure planning. This study addresses this gap by presenting statistical analysis based on data from nearly twelve thousand...

Fast frequency response (FR) is highly effective at securing dynamics after a generator outage in low inertia systems. Electric vehicles (EVs) equipped with vehicle to grid (V2G) chargers could offer an abundant source of FR future. However, the uncertainty associated V2G aggregation, driven by uncertain number connected EVs time outage, has not been fully understood and prevents its participat...

• The sizing problem of a Charging Station with smart charging capability is modeled. A novel formulation for the Quality Service (QoS) level CS presented. brought to solvable form after constraint relaxations. Simulation results show relation between QoS and cost chargers. Simulations impact towards reducing infrastructure cost. increasing penetration electric vehicles (EVs) inherently couples...