detecting faces in cluttered backgrounds and real world has remained as an unsolved problem yet. in this paper, by using composition of some kind of independent features and one of the most common appearance based approaches, and multilayered perceptron (mlp) neural networks, not only some questions have been answered, but also the designed system achieved better performance rather than the pre...

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Multi-fidelity computer experiments are widely used in many engineering and scientific fields. Nested space-filling designs (NSFDs) are suitable for conducting such experiments. Two classes of NSFDs are currently available. One class is based on special orthogonal arrays of strength two and the other consists of nested Latin hypercube designs. Both of them assume all factors are continuous. We ...

This paper proposes a new method based on the ideal input vector to estimate inputs of a given decision making unit (DMU) when some or all of its outputs are increased to maintain its current efficiency level. In other words, this paper studied the following question: How much would be the increase in the inputs of the DMU if the decision maker increases certain outputs to a particular unit in ...

introduction due to its multifunctional nature agriculture play important roles in ecological processes such as carbon sequestration, flood control, groundwater recharge, nutrient cycling, and purifying water, soil and air in addition to providing food, feed and fiber. these cover almost all ecological services provided by natural ecosystems, including provisioning services, regulating services...

1. Spatial summation within cat retinal receptive fields was studied by recording from optic-tract fibres the responses of ganglion cells to grating patterns whose luminance perpendicular to the bars varied sinusoidally about the mean level. 2. Summation over the receptive fields of some cells (X-cells) was found to be approximately linear, while for other cells (Y-cells) summation was very non...

metabonomics and other “omics” fields are essential science in analytical chemistry. modern analytical instruments such as proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 h nmr) can be provided the great quantity of analytical information. in order to assign unknown samples, chemometrics methods recognition build classification model based on experimental data.  firstly some current strategies for regard...

the article highlights the contributions of a few prominent women scientists to the science of pharmacology. these women,some of whom were from other scientific fields, contributed significantly to our understanding of pharmacology. this was achieved in an era in which pharmacology was a more or less male dominated field. even though it is easier for women to enter scientific fields nowadays, t...