BACKGROUND Antibiotic overuse and misuse for upper respiratory tract infections in children is widespread and fuelled by public attitudes and expectations. This study assessed knowledge, beliefs, and practices regarding antibiotic use for these paediatric infections among children's caregivers' in Trinidad and Tobago in the English speaking Caribbean. METHODS In a cross-sectional observationa...

It is unknown why some infants wheeze during upper respiratory tract infections. One possibility is that secretory IgA, which has a major role in mucosal defence against viral infection, might be deficient in wheezy infants. The nasal IgA response to upper respiratory tract infection in 32 wheezy infants (median age 5.8 months) was compared with nine siblings (median age 2.6 years) who had nasa...

OBJECTIVES To assess the practicability of a new algorithm in decreasing the rate of incorrect diagnoses and inappropriate antibiotic usage in pediatric Acute Respiratory Tract Infection (ARTI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Children between 1 month to15 years brought to outpatient clinics of a children's hospital with acute respiratory symptoms were managed according to the steps recommended in the ...

cryptosporial and bacterial co-infection is reported in a budgerigar with clinical manifestations of septicemia and respiratory tract infection. microscopically large number of round to oval 2-5μm cryptosporidial organisms were found to be lodged on the parabronchial epithelial cells of the respiratory tract. the bacterial colonies were seen around the parabronchial spaces of the lung tissue. i...

Influenza is a viral infection of the respiratory tract. Infection is normally confined to the upper respiratory tract but certain viral strains have evolved the ability to infect the lower respiratory tract, including the alveoli, leading to inflammation and a disease pattern of diffuse alveolar damage. Factors leading to this sequence of events are novel influenza strains, or strains that hav...

The picture of itching, sneezing and profuse rhinorrhoea is typical of early allergic rhinitis, but nasal obstruction becomes more prominent over time, especially in perennial allergic rhinitis. This gives rise to the classic facial appearance of children with perennial allergic rhinitis and to the many complications. The most effective therapy for allergic rhino-sinusitis involves topical nasa...

Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causing disease 2019 pandemic is an enveloped virus, showing genome similarity with bat coronavirus. This virus initially infects the upper tract, subsequent spread to lower tract. Despite availability of antigen and antibody detection methods, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) diagnostic test choice for this novel ...